Culture *

• black youths in NYC drug deal due to poverty

  • Bourgois
  • 1990
• society faces a loss of British identity due to globalisation

  • Sardar
  • 2002
• 3 types of culture

  • Hall
  • 1988
• girls are less likely to be in subculture due to their focus and education, parents control their activity more than boys

  • Thornton
  • 1995
• Punk Rock resistance

  • Hebidge
  • 1979
  • Marxist
• “bulimic society“

  • Young
  • 1999
• behaviour caused by innate characteristic, present form contraception

  • Darwin
  • 1859
• male crime as an expression of masculinity, focus of social status

  • Messerschmidt
  • 1993
• social institutions transmit shared norms and values for the continuity of society

  • Parsons
  • 1951
  • Functionalist
• Chicken Girl

  Isabel Santos
• Wolf children

  Kamala and Amala
• the welfare state supports families in completing its functions

  • Ronald Fletcher
  • 1966
• socialisation in primary schools, eg. gendered play, boys dominant and girls excluded

  • Skeleton and Francis
  • 2003
• socialisation in peer groups, boys praised and girls criticised, lack of double standards

  • Lees
  • 1983
• boys see deviance as masculine, crisis of masculinity

  • Campbell
  • 1999
• peer pressure from parents and friends influences behaviour

  • Harris
  • 1995
• “cultural comfort zones”, we associate ourselves with those similar to us

  • Sewell
  • 1997
• social forces shape the individual + society is shaped by socioeconomic inequalities based on capitalism

  • Marx
  • 1848
• subject based learning

  visible curriculum
• identity based learning

  hidden curriculum
• hidden curriculum, eg. blind obedience

  • Bowles and Gintis
  • 1976
• societal deviance, eg. violence is nightclubs is normalised + situational deviance, eg. norms of gypsy culture

  • Plummer
  • 1979
• masculinity should not be seen as an excuse for violence, there are alternative forms of masculinity that avoid violence, eg. gentlemen

  • Connell
  • 2014
• black youths in Philadelphia share common goals, eg. financial success but are blocked due to racism so turn to crime as an alternative to material success

  Nightingale