types of ltm

• Episodic memory

  This memory is declarative and is split up into different sections of autobiographical memory and flashbulb memory. It also referred to the ability to recall personal experiences which are time stamped. They are usually complex, Can l9ink events together . Have to make a conscious effort to be able to recall.
• Semantic memory

  This memory is declarative. It contains shared knowledge of the world and can be likened to a version of the dictionary. Theory is not time stamped . Cannot usually recall without being told about it. They are less vulnerable to distortion .
• Procedural memory

  It is non declarative. It is the memory of actions and skills. Able to recall without conscious effort. Can be difficult to explain to others. The ability becomes automatic over time. 
• strength is that Tulving’s research in 1985 can be supported through the case of Clive Wearing. Clive Wearing’s STM was still intact and so was his procedural memory as he required tha actions and skills of his muscles in order to still play the guitar. But his episodic memory was damaged and fractured as he was unable to recall personal timestamps within his life. The only personal experiences he was able to remember were his wife and that he had children but not their names. This suggests that the different types of LTM are not linked to one another.
• strength is that Tulving’s theory was able to be applied in the real world. For example psychologists thought that his research was able to aid treatment for memory loss especially in older people . It was mainly focused on episodic memory. It was done by giving the effective memory training which consisted of 8 2 hour sessions. People that had undergone this had better results in an episodic memory test. This shows that distinguishing the types of LTM led to effective treatments.  
• limitation difficulty identifying which areas of the brain are linked to each LTM type. 1996 Buckner and Peterson reviewed evidence on the location of the episodic and semantic memory. Semantic  memory on the left and right of the prefrontal cortex.some conflicts with this as other research indicates that on the left of the prefrontal cortex is the encoding of the episodic memory and on the right is the retrieval of the episodic memory. This challenges that any neurophysiological evidence supports memory as there is a poor agreement of where each is located.