Terminology

• pathogens are organisms which causes diseases eg bacteria, virus
• receptors are proteins on the surface of cells
• antibodies are y-shaped proteins produced by B-lymphocytes
• adjuvants are the substance used in vaccines to enhance immune responce
• cytokines are proteins which causes accumulation of phagocytes and stimulates specific immune response = brings lymphocytes released by phagocytes
• herd immunity is a large percentage of a population immunised to protect the non-immune
• antigenic variation are when pathogens change their antigens to evade specific immune response eg influenza virus
• apoptosis is the self destruction of infected cells caused by T-lymphocytes