Urban Climate

• Studies have shown that temperatures in Mumbai are on average 2-3 °C higher than surrounding rural areas.
• Mumbai struggles to maintain good air quality. According to the Air Quality Index, in 2022 Mumbai over half of the days suffered from ‘poor air quality’ and on 4 occasions air quality was ‘Hazardous’.
• The AQI estimate that over 14,000 people a year die from poor air quality in Mumbai
• Sources of pollutants come from outdated car exhausts and unregulated emissions from formal and informal businesses, e.g. pottery kilns.
• Mumbai has limited greenspace. It’s urbanised areas have increased 400% since 1925 – meaning more heat is absorbed by concrete surfaces
• Mumbai’s temperature typically ranges from 30°C to 40°C
• Mumbai receives monsoon rain between June and September, leading to flooding
• There are over 700,000 cars on the heavily congested roads of Mumbai. Road infrastructure cannot cope with the rapid increase of car ownership. Congestion leads to more emissions