muscular

• muscular system


  involves muscles, together with the skeletal system. it is the movement of bones, contraction of muscles, and peristalsis
• myofilament


  involves actin and myosin. basic part of the muscle with over 600 muscles present in the body.
• three protein filaments


  myosin, actin (contractile proteins) and titin (elastic protein)
• myology


  scientific study of muscles
• functions of muscles


  helps the body to move

  helps digestive system to move foods involuntary

  keeps the heart beating
• two muscle actions


  involuntary (muscles that not under conscious control (digestive)

  voluntary (muscles that are under conscious control (smile, run))
• skeletal muscles


  muscles attached to bones and move bones using tendons, part of the skeletal system because they work close to voluntary muscles (shoulder muscle)
• 4 shapes of skeletal muscle

  spindle, flat, triangular, circular (sphincter)
• spindle


  found on the biceps or the front of the upper arm
• flat


  ex. diaphragm that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity
• triangular 


  ex. deltoid muscle of the shoulder
• circular (sphincter)


  muscle in mouth, pupil, arms
• smooth muscles


  found in internal organs. ex. stomach, lung muscles, reproductive system, urinary, and digestive
• cardiac muscles


  muscles in the heart, involuntary
• myocardium


  full muscle, makes the middle of the heart. squeezing and relaxation of pumping blood
• according to Duran, there are things that we need to remember


  muscles are made up of bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles.
• duran


  each fascicle is enveloped by a connective tissue called perimysium.
• duran


  endomysium separates 1 or more muscle from one another.
• duran

  fascia covers an entire muscle which is a large sheet-like connective tissue.
• duran


  there are two points by which a muscle is attached (point of attachment)

  *point of origin- more fixed, proximal in position

  *point of insertion - more movable, located at the point of attachment
• duran


  the fleshy part of muscle is called belly. not always or seldom used
• duran


  the function or specific movement of a muscle is called action
• duran


  muscles are always pull, never push
• 9 actions of the muscle

  extensor (straightens a part)

  flexor (bends a part)

  adductor (breaks a part toward a medial line)

  abductor (brings a part away from medial line)

  levator (raises a part)

  depressor (lowers a part)

  dilator (opens a part, opening (eyes))

  constrictor (closes an opening)

  rotator (rotates a part)
• antrophy


  progressive degeneration or shrinkage of muscle or nerve tissue
• dystrophy


  causes progressive weakness/loss of muscle mass
• cramps


  sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more muscle
• hypertrophy


  uncontrolled increased growth of muscle, increased growth of muscle beyond normal
• arthritis

  swelling of joints
• osteoarthritis


  old people
• rheumatoid arthritis


  most serious and painful form ofarthritis