Respiratory system

• define respiration

  gaseous exchange between living structure + environment
• define external respiration

  gaseous exchange between air + blood
• define internal respiration

  gaseous exchange between blood + tissue
• what are the functions of respiratory system

  gaseous exchange

  passage inspired air

  humidification, warming, filtering inspired air

  sense smell

  vocalisation
• why do dogs have wet noses

  so scent molecules stick, stimulating chemoreceptors, sending signal to olfaction
• what do alar folds do for dogs

  increase surface area
• what are turbinates

  coiled thin bone covered in blood vessels to heat up air
• why do dog noses have epithelium cilia hairs

  trap debris breathed in
• describe mesocephalic skull

  average
• give examples of mesocephalic dogs

  beagle

  retriever
• what skull type is doliocephalic 


  pointy
• give examples of doliocephalic dogs

  greyhound

  collie
• describe skull of brachycephalic 


  flat
• give examples of brachycephalic dogs

  pug

  boxer
• what problems do brachycephalic dogs have

  small olfaction

  narrow nostril so less space

  turbinates pushed back

  chock on soft plate
• how many openings are in pharynx

  6
• what are the 6 openings of pharynx

  mouth

  nasal passage

  larynx

  2 Eustachian tubes

  oesophagus
• where is oropharynx found

  back of mouth, below soft palate
• what is oropharynx made of

  lymphoid tissue forming tonsils
• what lines oropharynx

  stratified epithelial tissue to protect when swallowing
• where does laryngopharynx lead to

  larynx
• describe larynx

  rigid

  hollow
• what does the larynx consist of

  cartilage, muscle, fibrous tissue, ciliated mucus membrane
• what is the role of the larynx

  connect upper + lower respiratory tract

  form opening to lower respiratory tract
• how is larynx attached to skull

  hyoid apparatus to allow movement
• what is the opening by the front of the larynx called

  glottis
• what covers to glottis when swallowing

  epiglottis
• what shape does the hyoid apparatus resemble

  trapeze
• why does the epiglottis cover the glottis

  prevent entry solid particles
• what are the incomplete rings of cartilage in trachea made of

  hyaline cartilage
• how is the trachea flexible

  incomplete C shape rings
• where does trachea run from

  larynx to thorax
• what lines the trachea

  ciliated mucous epithelium to clean + filter
• describe appearance of bronchi

  C shape cartilage rings become less

  bronchi continue to divide until branch out into alveolar duct and alveoli
• what are the walls of bronchi made of

  smooth muscle
• what lines bronchi

  ciliated mucus membrane to trap particles to cough back up
• what are terminal bronchioles

  smallest bronchioles
• what is found in bronchi that is missing in terminal bronchioles

  cartilage

  cillia
• what are terminal bronchioles lined with

  simple squamos epithelium
• how many alveolar ducts do terminal bronchioles give rise to

  2-3