AR - Robbery

• What are the five elements of the actus reus of robbery?

  Completed theft

  Immediately before or at the time of doing so

  In order to do so

  Force

  Any person
• What does Robinson tell us about robbery?

  No theft means no robbery
• Which case tells us that without a theft, there is no robbery?

  Robinson
• What does the completed theft element of the actus reus of robbery mean?

  A theft under s1-6 of the Theft Act 1968 must be committed
• What does the immediately before or at the time of doing so element of the actus reus of robbery mean?

  The force or threat of force must be before or at the time of the theft - any force used subsequently (later) cannot amount to a robbery
• What is the exception to the rule that the force or threat of force must be before or at the time of the theft?

  The theft can be seen as a continuing act
• According to Vinall, what does the in order to do so element of the actus reus of robbery mean?

  The use or threat of force must be in order to steal
• Which case tells us that the use or threat of force must be in order to steal?

  Vinall
• What does DPP tell us about the on any person element of the actus reus of robbery?

  No direct physical contact = no robbery
• What does Clouden tell us about the on any person element of the actus reus of robbery?

  As long as the victim is affected, the force can be on an object they're holding
• Which case tells us that as long as the victim is affected, force can be on an object they're holding?

  Clouden
• Which case tells us that if there is no direct physical contact than there is no robbery?

  DPP
• What does the force element of the actus reus of robbery mean?

  The defendant must apply force/threaten to apply force
• What does Dawson and James tell us about the force element of the actus reus of robbery?

  "Force" is an ordinary word for the jury to decide and force can be slight
• Which case tells us that "force" is an ordinary word for the jury to decide and force can be slight?

  Dawson
• Which case tells us that threatening force is enough and it doesn't have to feared?

  B and R
• What does B and R tell us about the force element of the actus reus of robbery?

  Threatening is enough and it doesn't have to be feared
• What is the first element of the actus reus of robbery?

  Completed theft
• What is the second element of the actus reus of robbery?

  Immediately before or at the time of doing so
• What is the third element of the actus reus of robbery?

  In order to do so
• What is the fourth element of the actus reus of robbery?

  Force
• What is the fifth element of the actus reus of robbery?

  Any person
• What does Hale tell us about immediately before or at the time of the theft?

  Theft can be seen as a continuing act
• Which case tells us the theft can be seen as a continuing act?

  Hale