Lesson 2

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Cards (49)

ISDR – United Nations International Strategy on Disaster Reduction
Intensive - Exposure of large number of people in a specific geographic area that can further lead to catastrophic disasters.
Disaster Risk - Potential loss in lives, health status, livelihoods, and various assets
Extensive – exposure of dispersed populations to various hazards of low or moderate intensity
Extensive - refers to a situation where the risk of disasters covers a wide area, potentially affecting a large geographic region or population
Acute - are events that occur with little to no warning, resulting in rapid and immediate impacts on communities and the environment.
Slow - disasters typically involve a slow progression of conditions
Exposure - refers to the presence of people, assets, or systems in areas that are prone to the impact of a disaster.
Exposure - People or properties that are affected by hazards
Exposure - Can be measured by the number of people or types of assets in an area
Exposure - It's about identifying what and who is at risk due to their geographical location or physical presence in areas susceptible to hazards.
Hazard - potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or human activity that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.
Hazard - Natural phenomena that may cause severe death toll, damages to property, environment, and socio-economic condition of communities
Types of Hazard
Biological Hazards
Geologic Hazards
Hydrometeorological Hazards
Human Induced Hazards
Biological Hazard – epidemic diseases caused by viral and bacterial infection
Hydrometeorological hazards – typhoons, thunderstorms, tornadoes, floods, drought
Geologic Hazards – earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and emissions, landslides, and mudflows
Human Induced Hazards – chemical spills, nuclear contamination, hazardous materials
Vulnerability - condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
Vulnerability - refers to the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a disaster.
Vulnerability - It involves assessing the weaknesses that could exacerbate the impact of a disaster on a particular area or population.
Those who are underprivileged are the most vulnerable because of their lack of resources.
Disaster Risk=Hazard x exposure x vulnerability
NO HAZARD, then the RISK IS NULL
The occurrence of natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions cannot be predicted, but reducing EXPOSURE and VULNERABILITY can minimize the impact.
Risk Factors - are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity.
Factors underlying Disaster
Severity of exposure
Gender and Family
Age
Economic Status of the Country
Severity of exposure - measures those who experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems,
The female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home.
adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do
Factors which underlie disasters
Climate Change
Environmental Degradation
Globalized Economic Development
Poverty and Inequality
Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
Weak Governance
Climate change - can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.
Climate change -the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Climate change - directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods
Environmental Degradation - changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards.
Environmental degradation - Overconsumption of natural resources results in environmental degradation, reducing the effectiveness of essential ecosystem services, such as the mitigation of floods and landslides.
Globalized Economic Development - results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale.
Global Economic Development - Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas
Globalized Economic Development - provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed. By participating in risk-sensitive development strategies such as investing in protective infrastructure, environmental management, and upgrading informal settlements, risk can be reduced.
Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development - A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated in cities.