Labelling

• Becker

  Labelling:

  moral entrepreneur -> moral crusade -> those labelled become outsiders -> they gain a master status -> deviant amplification spiral -> form subcultures -> deviant career -> more power for those who placed the label
• Lemert

  Primary deviance - deviant acts that have not been publicly labelled.

  secondary deviance - deviance amplification spiral, self-fulfilling prophecy.
• Young

  Hippie marijuana users in Notting Hill:

  Hippie’s embodied different values to mainstream society -> labelled as deviant so they could be controlled by police / parents -> hippie’s started practicing more deviant behaviour and withdrew from society.
• Cohen

  Mods and rockers.
• Cicourel

  Typifications:

  Police choose to stop and interrogate an individual.

  The suspect is handed over to a juvenile officer.

  Typifications of a delinquent:

  • w/c background
• Triplett

  Increasing tendency to see young offenders as evil and to be less tolerant of minor deviance.
• Braithwaite


  Reintegrative (labels the act but not the actor) not disintegrative (criminal labelled and excluded from society) shaming.