organic analysis

• Test tube reactions: alkenes

  test: shake with bromine water

  result: orange turns colourless
• Test tube reactions: haloalkanes

  test: add aqueous NaOH and warm gently, acidify with HNO3, add AgNO3

  result: coloured ppt of AgX forms

  AgCl - white

  AgBr - Cream

  AgI - yellow
• Test tube reactions: alcohol

  test: add acidified K2Cr2O7

  result: orange turns to green with primary and secondary, no reaction with tertiary
• Test tube reactions: aldehydes

  test: warm with Tollens reagent OR warm with fehling soln

  result: silver mirror forms (T) OR blue soln turns to red ppt
• Test tube reactions: carboxylic acids

  test: add sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3

  result: CO2 gas formed
• mass spec: isotopes

  -different atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

  -mass spec used to fins relative abundance of isotopes

  -heights of the peaks show proportion of each isotope present