Health

• Objectives of First Aid:

  • Prolong life
  • Alleviate suffering
  • Prevent further injury
  • Save lives
• GORTS:

  G - Gentle

  O - Observant

  R - Resourceful

  T - Tactful

  S - Symphathetic
• Signs are details discovered by applying your senses.
• Symptoms are sensations that the victim feels and describes.
• Phyisical examination:

  • Primary Survey (For unconscious casualty)
  • Secondary Survey (Conscious/Stable casualty)
• Primary Survey: (ABC)

  1. Check for consciousness
  2. Apply CAB (Circulation, Airways, Breathing)
• Secondary Survey:

  1. History Taking (SAMPLEPAIN)
  2. Check for Vital Signs
  3. Head to Toe Examination
  4. Check for Circulation
• A wound is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body. May be a closed/hematoma/contusions or an open wound.
• Puncture is a piercing wound caused by pointed objects.
• Abrasion is caused by scraping the skin against a rough surface.
• Incision is a cut caused by any sharp objects.
• Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues.
• Avulsion is a forcible tearing (may be partial) of tissues.
• Carrying and Transporting an Injured Person: (One-Man Transport)

  • Fireman's Carry
  • Piggyback
  • Shoulder/Ankle drag
  • Fireman's drag
  • Blanket drag
• Easiest way to transport a smaller victim.

  Fireman's Carry
• Applicable when the victim is conscious.

  Piggyback
• Used when the floor is smooth.

  Shoulder/Ankle Drag
• Used when the aider and victim must crawl underneath a low structure.

  Fireman's Drag Crawl
• Used if the patient is naked or has fragile clothes.

  Blanket Drag
• Used when there are two first aiders and a chair is available.

  Two-Man Transport
• Three/More-Man Transport: Three or more rescuers get on both sides of the victim.

  Hammock Carry
• Three/More-Man Transport: Carriers stay on the uninjured side of the victim.

  Bearers Alongside Carry
• Fracture is break or crack in the bone.
• Dislocation is a partial or complete displacement of the bones.
• Sprain is an injury to the ligaments of a bone.
• Strain is an injury to the tendons/muscles.
• Heat Exhaustion is caused by loss of salt and water due to high temperature.
• Food Poisoning is caused by consuming food or drink contaminated with bacteria.
• Choking is when a foreign object blocks the throat.
• Drowning happens when air cannot get into the lungs because of water.
• Heart Attack is caused by sudden obstruction of blood supply to the heart muscles.
• Chemical Burns may occur when electricity passes through the body.
• Burns are often due to home incidents by touching hot things.
• Heat Stroke is caused by the failure of the "thermostat" in the brain to regulate body heat.
• Stroke is a condition where the blood supply to the brain is impaired by a blood clot/ruptured blood vessel.