Lab Two Practical

• Veins


  are also elastic vessels, but they transport blood to the heart.
• Arteries


  are elastic vessels that transport blood away from the heart
• Deoxygenated


  Pulmonary circulation
• Oxygenated 


  Systemic circulation
• Systolic pressure 


  is the pressure in aorta when left ventricle contracts.
• Diastolic pressure 


  is the lowest pressure in the aorta.
• Systole 


  (top number) is the period of contraction.
• Diastole 


  (bottom number) is the period of relaxation.
• Normal resting heart rate

  60-100 bpm
• Tachycardia


  Anything over 100 bpm
• Bradycardia


  Anything under 60 bpm
• What changes after exercise?

  The PR interval increases, so does the ST interval and the QRS complex.
• Ventilation 


  is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
• Inspiration


  is gas exchange between air in lungs and blood.
• Exhalation 


  is the gas produced at the end of exhalation from deep within the lung. The act of expiration of air from the lungs.
• Direction of air movment

  Air moves from an area of higher pressure to area of lower pressure.
• Obstructive

  Less than 70%, such as emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis
• Normal


  70-80%
• Restrictive


  Greater than 80%, such as cystic fibrosis and tuberculosis.
• Boyle's Law


  P = k/V. P = gas pressure. V = volume. k = constant at a given temperature
• FEV1/FVC


  Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC)
• Functions of the Respiratory System

  The respiratory system provides a large surface area for gas exchange between the air and circulating blood. It is also responsible for moving air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs along the respiratory tract. It helps protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration and temperature changes and defends against invasion by pathogens. It produces sounds and helps aid the sense of smell by olfactory receptors.
• SA node, internodal pathways, AV node, AV bundle, AV branches, purkinje fibers.