4-5 reviewer ko

• The destruction brought by the war entrenched in the Philippine psyche for a significant period
• Philippine writers found their voices amidst the chaos, and our literary tradition endured
• Postcolonial Philippines continued to produce exquisite literary works
• Evolution of literature during the Japanese and post-war periods

  1. Rejecting English, the Japanese colonizers sought to redefine Philippine literature by strengthening vernacular languages

  2. Matute’s stories prominently featured children and women, exploring their personal epiphanies

  3. In 1946, Carlos Bulosan published “America is in the Heart”, shedding light on uncomfortable social realities during the Japanese occupation

  4. The Palanca awards were instituted in 1950 to recognize literary excellence

  5. Edilberto and Edith Tiempo established the Siliman Writer’s Workshop in 1961

  6. In 1964, Carlos Angeles received the first Palanca award for Poetry for his work “A Stun of Jewels”

  7. Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil’s essays, particularly her column “My Humble Opinion”, garnered respect and were collected in “Women enough and Other Essays” (1963)
• Modernist movement in the post-war period

  • It persisted, especially in poetry
• Analysis of the selection

  1. The poem’s handling of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and sentence structure affects the message it imparts

  2. The poem alludes to Icarus and Daedalus, figures from Greek mythology, to convey a deeper meaning

  3. The persona invoked by the poem and the voice unfolding each line are to be analyzed

  4. A comparison between Ilio’s and Guerrero’s use of English in their respective poems can shed light on the embrace of English during the post-war period
• Forms of oral tradition in Hiligaynon literature

  • “Binalaybay,” “Paktakon,” “Hurubaton,” “Ili-ili,” “Balitaw,” “Ambahan,” and “Asoy”
• Notable Panay epics


  • “Labaw Donggon” and “Hinilawod”
• Cultural practices in Hiligaynon literature

  • Vigils for the dead, the game “bordon,” and the concept of “passion”
• Mariano Perfecto, through Imprenta La Panayana, contributed greatly to Hiligaynon literature by publishing works like the “Almanake Panayanhon”
• Evolution of Hiligaynon literature

  1. The Hiligaynon tradition expanded to include zarzuelas, moro-moros, and corridos

  2. The American period ushered in a Golden Age of Hiligaynon literature, with publications like “Hiligaynon” magazine reaching a wider audience

  3. Post-war publications such as “Yuhum” and “Kasanag” continued to bolster Hiligaynon literature

  4. Novelists like Jose E. Yap and Conrado Norada maintained the strength of Hiligaynon fiction

  5. In the 1990s, new names emerged in Hiligaynon literature, contributing to its growth and diversity

  6. Campus writing in Kinaray-a gained prominence, especially during the administration of Corazon Aquino
• Dr. Genevieve L. Asenjo, an Associate Professor of literature and creative writing, is known for her works in Kinaray-a, Hiligaynon, and Filipino languages
• Dr. Genevieve L. Asenjo has received numerous awards and citations for her literary contributions
• Analysis of the selection “Nagakakanta Ako kang Paglaum”

  Explores themes of hope transcending languages and cultures
• She has received numerous awards and citations for her literary contributions
• Themes explored in "Nagakakanta Ako kang Paglaum"

  • Hope transcending languages and cultures
• Message of hope in "Nagakakanta Ako kang Paglaum"


  Developing emotions and mindsets within the reader
• Imagery in "Nagakakanta Ako kang Paglaum"


  Enhances the theme and tone by creating vivid visual representations
• Persona behind "Nagakakanta Ako kang Paglaum"


  May represent the people of the West Visayas, influenced by the region's historical events and cultural context
• Research on the region's past and present issues

  Can provide insights into the persona's message
• Literature in the late 20th century


  Late 20th century
• Dramatic political scene in the late 20th century


  Shaped Philippine literature, with writers reacting to oppression, censorship, and changes in government
• Philippine literature in the late 20th century


  Became multi-faceted in terms of language use and literary genre
• 1987 constitution identified Filipino and English as the official languages of the country
• Amado V. Hernandez, named National Artist for Literature, published "Bayang Malaya" in 1970, depicting the Japanese occupation through proletariat characters
• Despite censorship, writers continued to express dissatisfaction through underground literature movements like "Kamao, Panitikan ng Protesta," "Versus," and "STR"
• Notable novelists of the late 20th century


  • NVM Gonzales
  • Alfred Yuson
  • Eric Gamalinda
  • Asundon Grajo Uranza
  • Jessica Hagedorn
  • Lina Espina-Moore
  • Jose Y. Dalisay Jr
• The Manila Critics Circle was established in 1981 to recognize literary excellence in English, Filipino, and other local languages
• The plethora of genres in Philippine literature reflects the diversity of local cultures across the archipelago
• Difficult words unlocked


  • Tinsel: Threads, strips, or sheets of metal, paper, or plastic used for a glittering appearance
  • Tantalize: To tease or torment by presenting something desirable but out of reach
  • Molasses: A thick, dark brown liquid produced during sugar making, used in cooking
  • Plethora: Plenty, abundance
  • Palate: A person's taste appreciation, especially when sophisticated
  • Pastry: Dough used to make pies and other baked goods
  • Meringue: A dessert topping made of stiffly beaten egg whites and sugar
• Seasonal foods in "Puto-Bumbong, Bibingka, Salabat, atbp."

  • Reflect the diversity of contemporary Filipino literature through an essay about Filipino food experiences during a vibrant time of year
• Doreen Gamboa Fernandez (1934–2002) was a Filipino professor, historian, writer, and critic known for her writings on Filipino food, food culture, and theater arts
• Focus of the essay "Puto-Bumbong, Bibingka, Salabat, atbp."


  On a particular season and describes various seasonal foods enjoyed by Filipinos
• Author's portrayal of food in the essay


  Characterized by her style of writing and descriptive techniques
• Insights provided by the essay

  1. Into the country's past colonizers through its historical dimension

  2. Filipinos favor specific foods for different seasons, reflecting cultural traditions and culinary preferences