Haloalkanes

• Haloalkanes bond polarity

  Haloalkanes have a polar bond and the halide pulls the electron pair as it is more electronegative
• Examples of nucleophiles

  OH-, CN-,NH3, H20
• Haloalkanes Nucleophilic substitution conditions(hydrolysis)

  Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

  Carried out under reflux
• Testing the rate of hydrolysis

  You would add enthanol to the samples of haloalkanes

  Next you would add silver nitrate and put it in a water bath

  You would record the time it takes for a precipitate to form
• Rate of hydrolysis

  The higher the bond enthalpy, the longer the rate of hydrolysis (Chlorine-Carbon has the lowest rate)
• CFCs

  Chloroflurocarbons are molecules that have had their hydrogens replaced by chlorine and florine. They are stable molecules but are broken down by UV
• Problem with CFCs

  When CFCs are broken down by UV radiation, it breaks the bonds and forms free radicals which catalyse the breakdown of ozone
• Uses of CFCs

  CFCs were used as refrigerants but they are now banned
• HCFCs

  HCFCs are alternatives to CFCs