Evolution and origin of biodiversity

• Linnaean System Classification

  The most influential early classification system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus
• Carolus Linnaeus

  A swedish botanist who lived during 1700's
• He is known as the "Father of taxonomy"

  Carolus Linnaeus
• Carolus Linnaeus tried to describe and clasify the entire known natural world. In 1735, he published his classification system in a work called systema naturae or "System of nature"
• 7 Taxa in taxonomy in proper order

  Kingdom

  Phylum

  Class

  Order

  Family

  Genus

  Family
• Kingdom - The highest taxon in Linnaeus System, representing major divisions of organisms including plant and animal kingdoms
• Phylum - a division of kingdom. Phyla in the animal kingdom include:

  Chordates which are animals with internal skeleton, and

  Arthropods which are animals with external skeleton
• Class - is a division of phylum. Classes in the chordate phylum include birds and mammals
• Order - is a division of class. Order in the mammal class include Primates and Rodents
• Family - is a division of an order. Families in the primate order includes:

  Homonids - apes and humans

  Hylobatids - gibbons
• Genus - is a division of a family.

  Genera in the hominid family include:

  Homo - Humans

  Pan - Chimpanzees
• Species - the lowest taxon in the Linnaeus System. Species in the pan genus include:

  Pan troglodytes - common chimpanzees

  Pan paniscus - Pygmy Chimpanzees
• Thomas Malthus

  An english economist. He wrote the popular essay "On population"
• On population

  human populations have the potential to grow faster than the resources they need. When populations get too big, disease and famine occur. These calamities control population size by killing off the weakest people.
• George Cuvier

  theorized the Catastrophism which was based on paleontological evidence in the Paris Basin.
• Catastrophism that led to Mass Extinction

  Cuvier noticed several gaps where all evidence of life would disappear and then abruptly reappear again. Cuvier recognized these gaps in the fossil succession as mass extinction events
• James Hutton - theorized the Gradualism
• Gradualism

  states that the species appeared by the gradual transformation of ancestral species

  The population of a species is transformed slowly and progressively into a new species by the accumulation of micro-evolutionary changes in the genetic heritage.
• Law of disuse and use

  states that when certain organs become specially developed as a result of some environmental need
• Six theory of darwin about "Natural Selection"

  1. From lamarck, species can change overtime. The fossils he found helped convince him of that.
  2. From Lyell, Darwin saw that Earth and its life were very old. Thus, there had been enough time for evolution to produce the great diversity of life.
  3. From Malthus, populations could grow faster than their resources. This “overproduction of offspring” led to a “struggle for existence”
  4. artificial selection, some offspring have variations that occur by chance, and that can be inherited.
• Six Theory about natural selection by darwin

  5. Darwin coined the term fitness to refer to an organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring.

  Nature selects the variations that are most useful. THIS IS NATURAL SELECTION
• Six theory of darwin

  6. Darwin knew artificial selection could change domestic species overtime