Peripheral nervous system

• Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
• The axon is a long, slender projection that carries electrical signals, called action potentials, away from the cell body and towards other neurons or target cells.
• Neuroglia (non-neural cells) support and protect neurons by providing nutrients, removing waste products, insulating axons, and forming myelin sheaths.
• Interneurons are located entirely within the CNS and connect sensory neurons with motor neurons.
• Sensory neurons carry information about sensations such as touch, temperature, pain, pressure, taste, smell, light, sound, and body position to the brain or spinal cord.
• Sensory neurons convey information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, encoding sensations, images, sounds, tastes, smells, pain, temperature, etc.
• Interneurons connect and integrate inputs between neurons within the central nervous system and support complex cognitive functions.
• Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, initiating muscle contractions and secretions.
• Axonal transport refers to the movement of materials along an axon's cytoskeleton.
• Afferent neurons transmit impulses toward the CNS.
• Myelination occurs when neuroglial cells wrap around the axon, creating a fatty substance known as myelin.
• The PNS is composed of nerves that extend beyond the brain and spinal cord into various parts of the body.
• Nerves consist of bundles of nerve fibers (axons) surrounded by connective tissue sheaths called epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium.
• Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia.
• Nerves are bundles of nerve fibers (axons) surrounded by connective tissue sheaths called epineurium.
• The peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves that extend outside the brain and spinal cord.