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• Communication


  Defined as the method wherein language, symbols, or manners are used to share information or to state opinions or thoughts. It is also defined as the exchange of information and the expression of thoughts or notion that can result in understanding
• Basic Types of Communication

  • Non-Verbal Communication: Sign Language
  • Verbal Communication: Oral & Written
• Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948)

  1. Communicator

  2. Message

  3. Medium

  4. Receiver

  5. Feedback
• Media


  Communication tools that give information
• Information


  Knowledge or data gathered through experiences or research
• How is communication affected by Media

  • Television/radio
  • Internet
  • Magazine
  • Newspaper
• 3 Types of Literacy

  • Information Literacy: ability to recognize when information is needed, locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information
  • Media Literacy: reading, analyzing, evaluating, and producing communication in different media forms
  • Technology Literacy: knowing how to use technology, its tools or networks to find, create, evaluate, or use information
• Media Information Literacy


  Aims to inspire citizens with essential knowledge about the functions of MIL systems in a democratic society, how these functions apply, and how citizens assess the quality of the content they provide
• 7 Typologies of Media Literacy

  • Acquiring Fundamentals
  • Language Acquisition
  • Narrative Acquisition
  • Developing Skepticism
  • Intensive Development
  • Experiential Exploring
  • Critical Appreciation
• Prehistoric Technology refers to the technology that existed before recorded history
• Technology began about 2.5M years before writing was developed, within the earliest hominids who used stone tools: FIRES, HUNT, & BURY THEIR DEAD
• Paleolithic means "Old Stone Age" and begins with the first use of stone tools
• Mesolithic is characterized in most areas by small composite flint tools, fishing tackle, stone adzes, and wooden objects
• Neolithic settlements became more permanent with some having circular houses with single rooms made of mudbrick, suggesting an ancestor cult where people preserved skulls of the dead
• The Industrial Age began around 1760 and included economic and social organizational changes
• Agricultural changes during the Industrial Age included a huge increase in food output, supported expansion, sustained large populations, boosted trade, and increased use of machines over human/animal power in farming
• Changes in other countries

  • Economic and social org changes
• Agricultural changes


  • Huge increase in food output
  • Supported expansion, sustained large population
  • Boosted trade
  • Increased use of machines over human/animal power in farming leading to fewer farm workers needed
• Transportation changes


  • Better metals and richer fuel contributing to industrialization by creating steam engine, factories, and ships
• Electronic Age refers to a period wherein people can easily & instantaneously communicate with anyone, anywhere. It was ushered in by the invention of the telegraph in 1844
• New (Information) Age, also known as Digital Age, Computer Age, New Media Age, refers to a period of history described as an economy based on computerization of information improved from the industrial revolution brought through industrialization
• Information


  Refers to knowledge or processed data gathered through experiences/research
• Information Literacy


  • Ability to know when information is required
  • Ability to find, analyze, evaluate, communicate & use information effectively in different formats
  • Finding the right information needed/knowing how to use it
  • Essential for today’s society for it improves skills related to critical thinking and problem solving
  • Gives the ability to identify what information is true and appropriate not just for work or school, but also for everyday decisions in our life
• SHIGERU AOYAGI (DV OF BASIC ED UNESCO): '“For all societies, information literacy is becoming an increasingly important component of not only policies and strategies but also of global policies to promote human development.”'
• Information Literacy and Information Technology

  • Information Literacy gives us the skills to locate and evaluate information, including the use of technology
  • Information Technology makes information much easier to access & locate, enabling individuals to access a large scale of information for personal, work-related, or academic uses
• HARRISON 2021: '“At the most basic level, children spend 3x as long on computers in the home as they do in school on average.”'
• Stages/Elements of Info Technology

  1. Identify: Recognize nature & extent of information needed

  2. Find: Recognizing sources of information and the issues surrounding

  3. Evaluate: Examine and evaluate quality of information, evaluate information & its sources critically

  4. Apply: Using information in an ethical and efficient way, use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose

  5. Acknowledge: Cite or search for information, recognizing sources of information & surrounding information
• Types of Media


  • Print Media
  • Broadcast Media
• Media


  • Use of various devices such as television, radio, computers, etc., to provide or share information massively
  • Refers to any object used to relay messages
  • Considered as a source of reliable information for its contents provided by a credible organization or went through editorial process
• Types of Media: Print Media


  • Materials that are printed such as books, newsletter, magazines, journals, etc. that provide information
• Types of Media: Broadcast Media

  • Telephone Broadcasting (1881-1932)
  • Radio Broadcasting
• Telephone Broadcasting (1881-1932) considered as the earliest form of electronic broadcasting, began with Theatre Phone systems or “Théâtrophone” made by Clément Ader, a French inventor, in 1881. Theatre Phone allowed people to listen to live opera and theatre performance over the telephone. In the 1890s, telephone newspaper services were introduced, popular in European cities.
• Radio Broadcasting started experimentally in 1906
• Clément Ader, a French inventor, made Theatre Phone in 1881
• Theatre Phone allows people to listen to live opera and theatre performance over the telephone
• Telephone newspaper services were introduced in the 1890s and were popular in European cities
• RADIO BROADCASTING


  1. Started experimentally in 1906 and commercially in 1920

  2. Sound signals are transported from a transmitter through the air as radio waves, collected by an antenna, and transmitted to a receiver

  3. Links radio stations to disseminate radio programs
• TELEVISION BROADCASTING (TELECAST)


  1. Started experimentally in 1925 and commercially in the 1930s

  2. An extension of radio broadcasting, including sound signals and video signals
• CABLE RADIO


  1. "Cable FM" created in 1928

  2. "Cable television" created in 1932

  3. Mainly serves as media to transmit radio or television stations programming via coaxial cable, escalating into a wide-range universe of different cable-originated channels
• DIRECT-BROADCAST SATELLITE “DBS”


  1. Started commercially in 1974

  2. Satellite Radio started commercially in 1990

  3. Provides a combination of television broadcasting and traditional radio with dedicated satellite radio programming

  4. Meant for direct-to-home program broadcasting