social and economic issues associated with urbanisation

• Impacts of social inequality

  . In London, the top 10% earn 273 times more than the bottom 10%

  · Overcrowded, high rise council funded flats and housing may lead to many suffering from poor health, The wealthier in London may be able to afford private healthcare as well as better quality food to prevent illness.
• ·         Those living below the poverty line in London (27%) are twice as likely to die from chronic lower respiratory illness

  ·         Life expectancy is also affected by income – in the borough of Newham, life expectancy for women is 82,9 and 79.7 for men whilst in Kensington and Chelsea it is 87 for women and 83.9 for men.
• ·         GCSE attainment appears also worse in less well-off areas – in 2021 82.6% of students achieved grades 9-4, Kensington and Chelsea whilst in Newham only 74.3% achieved grades 9-4.
• Social segregation

  ·         London also has significant social segregation by ethnicity, despite have a very diverse population.

  ·         The London borough of Brent has an ethnic minority population of 65.4%, one of the highest in London whilst Bromley has the highest white population.
• Social segregation

  ·         There are numerous ethnic communities in London for example, brick lane is seen as a Bangladeshi community.

  ·         Typically, causes of social segregation include the fact that ethnic groups tend to segregate together as perhaps migrants can only afford cheaper areas and so end up together or perhaps for maintenance of culture, tradition and language.
• Social segregation

  ·         Social segregation may also occur as a result of gentrification, those not as well off may be forced out of an area due to an influx of private development leaving only the wealthy behind.
• Strategies in London  

  · Interculturalism acts as a solution to tackle social segregation between ethnic groups, areas of mutual interest are found, and intercultural spaces created in order to encourage mixing e.g., Libraries

  · To overcome inequality, London has implemented the living wage to help people pull themselves out of poverty despite whatever job

  they have. (£11.95/hour)