other contemporary urban environmental issues

• Atmospheric pollution in London:

  ·         Main sources of pollution include:

      - transport and factory emissions:

      - domestic and commercial heating systems

  ·         >4000 pollution related deaths in London per year

  ·         2015- emissions still higher than UK + European law permit

  ·         2013- young girl first person in UK to have pollution as cause of death
• Management of atmospheric pollution:

  ·         Clean air acts: 1956 London clean air act introduced smoke free zones into urban areas

  ·         ULEZ: charges highly polluting vehicles

  ·         Congestion charge: vehicles have to pay for entry to manage congestion

  ·         Good public transport and promotion of cycling
• Water pollution in London:

  ·         Only 1 of London's 41 river waterbodies is classified as “good”

  ·         Main sources of pollution include:

  o   combined sewer systems containing rainwater and sewage

  o   road run-off- pollutants on the road are washed away by the rain and into waterways
• Management of water pollution

  ·         The Thames tideway tunnel:

  o   a 25km circular tunnel found 65km deep under London will help upgrade London's sewer system which will increase the quality of the water.

  More sewage treatments plants like Beckton
• Dereliction in London:

  ·         “The state of having been abandoned + become dilapidated”

  ·         1980s- the docklands became derelict due to the deindustrialisation of the shipping industry:

  o   150,000 jobs lost

  o   20% housing not suitable to live in
• Management of dereliction:

  ·         1981- London Docklands Development Corporation set up to redevelop the area

  Refer to urbanisation section.