W5L9 - gene regulation

• Which of the following are true.

  1. All cells in a human body express all the same proteins.
  2. Cells make all the proteins they may need and store them until required.
  3. Different cells in the human body make different proteins.
  4. The diploid cells in an organism contain essentially identical genomic DNA (Totipotency).
  5. The diploid cells in an organism contain essentially non-identical genomic DNA.
  6. The expression of proteins in a given cell can change over time.

  3, 4, 6
• Transcriptional control can be exerted by...

  1. Alternative promoters
  2. Inducible transcription factors
  3. Inducible translation factors
  4. Non-Inducible transcription factors
  5. Non-Inducible translation factors
  6. Non-specific transcription factors
  7. Tissue specific transcription factors
  8. Tissue specific translation factors


  1, 2, 7
• Control at the RNA processing stage can be achieved by:

  1. Alternative polyadenylation
  2. Alternative splicing
  3. DNA editing
  4. End-tail joining
  5. Pseudo-polyadenylation
  6. Random mutation
  7. Random splicing
  8. mRNA editing


  1, 2, 8
• After production, the mRNA molecule undergoes transport and localisation in the cell.Which of the following, if any, are true about the process?

  1. None of the above.
  2. mRNA is never transported in the cell.
  3. mRNA may be transported on the cytoskeleton to where it is needed.
  4. mRNA may randomly diffuse to where needed.
  5. mRNAs are not localised to specific regions.

  3 and 4
• Which of the following may regulate the translation of the protein?

  1. Cis-acting RNA binding proteins.
  2. External stimuli such as heat.
  3. None of the above.
  4. Small molecules causing a refolding of the RNA.
  5. Targeted macro RNA (maRNA).
  6. Targeted micro RNA (miRNA).
  7. Trans-acting RNA binding proteins.

  2, 4, 6, 7
• Which of the following could complete the sentence: RNA degradation...

  1. None of the above.
  2. starts at the 3-prime end, and may continue at the 5-prime end after 5-prime cap removal, or continue at the 3-prime end.
  3. starts at the 3-prime end, and only occurs from the 5-prime end.
  4. starts at the 5-prime end, and may continue at the 3-prime end after 3-prime cap removal, or continue at the 5-prime end.
  5. starts at the 5-prime end, and may continue at the 5-prime end after cap removal.
  6. starts at the 5-prime end, and only occurs from the 5-prime end.

  2
• Which post-translational modifications may proteins undergo?

  1. Abiquitination
  2. Cleavage
  3. Esterification
  4. Glycosylation
  5. Mycosylation
  6. Phosphorylation
  7. Ubiquitination
  8. None of the above.

  2, 4, 6, 8
• Put the following points of regulation in order:

  • Transport and localisation
  • Protein activation
  • RNA degradation
  • Translational control
  • Transcriptional control
  • RNA processing

  Transcriptional control - RNA processing - transport and localisation - translational control - RNA degradation - protein activation