SPANISH PERIOD

• Spanish Colonial (1521-1898) Style and Culture

  • Religious Art
  • Lowland Christian Art
  • Folk art
• Lowland Christian Art


  • Architecture
  • Sculpting
  • Engraving
  • Music
  • Literature
  • Theater
  • Visual Art
• Architecture - Plaza Complex


  The complex was designed as the town center and consisted of the municipio or local government office and church
• Architecture - Cruciform Churches


  Following the shape of the Latin cross, churches were built
• Baroque Style


  • Characterized by grandeur, drama, elaborate details that purposely appealed to the emotions
• Baroque Style seen in

  • San Agustin Church in Manila, Morong Church in Rizal, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao Ilo-Ilo
• Colonial Baroque or Philippine or Tropical Baroque


  • Fusion of both native and European elements
• Architecture - Miag-ao Church facade


  Features St. Christopher surrounded by reliefs having tropical motifs like palm fronds and papaya trees
• Architecture - Church construction

  The use of adobe, limestone, or brick and the construction of thick buttresses or wing-like projections reinforce the church structure to make it more resistant to Earthquakes
• Sculpting - Santos


  From Western model to Chinese features and techniques with Greek and Roman classical influence
• Sculpting - Retablo


  Integrates architecture and sculpture and is often embellished with rosettes, scrolls, pediments, and solomonic columns which may be gilded or polychromed
• Sculpting - Via Crucis


  Series of 14 paintings or relief structures depicting Christ's crucifixion and resurrection
• Trompe l'oeil


  A French word meaning “fooling the eye,” it refers to painting that gives a heightened illusion of three-dimensionality
• Sculpting - Relleves


  Carved figurative protrusions
• Sculpting - Plateria


  Organic designs of hammered silver
• Music


  • Western Musical Instruments
  • Catholic Liturgical Music
  • Pasyon or Pabasa
  • Awit and Corrido
  • Balitao
  • Kundiman
• Music - Catholic Liturgical Music


  Introduced in 1742 by the then Archbishop of Manila Juan Rodriguez Angel
• Music - Teaching of choral music

  The Santo Domingo and San Agustin convents taught choral music to young boys including Filipino composers like Marcelo Ardonay (1848-1928)
• Music - Pasyon or Pabasa


  Biblical narration of Christ's passion chanted in improvised melody
• Music - Awit and Corrido


  Musical forms were chanted stories based on European Literature and history
• Music - Balitao


  Sentimental love songs
• Music - Kundiman


  Usually spoke of resignation and fatalism, became a vehicle for resistance
• Literature - Mangyans of Mindoro

  Bamboo poles are turned into smaller nodes and are etched with Baybayin used to compose short poems of courtship and emotional concerns
• Literature - Ticao Leyte


  A huge stone was discovered that contained Baybayin writing believed to be an invocation for a safe journey by sea
• Literature


  • Catechism and Prayer books
• Theater


  • Religious Processions
  • Zarzuela or Sarsuwela
  • Senakulo
  • Komedya
  • Moro-moro
• Theater - Religious Processions


  Earliest forms of theater were replaced by the pomp and pageantry of religious processions complete with embellished carrozas containing religious tableaus of Catholic saints and scenes from the Bible
• Zarzuela


  A popular form of musical theater from Spain imported during the 19th century, it is an opera which features singing and dancing interspersed with prose dialogue which allowed the story to be carried out in song
• Zarzuela - Playwrights


  Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan are the most distinguished playwrights of their day and Honorata “Atang” dela Rama (National Artist for Theater and Music, awarded 1987) as their most celebrated leading actress
• Senakulo


  Written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen, its narrative was culled en
• Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan are the most distinguished playwrights of their day
• Honorata “Atang” dela Rama is the most celebrated leading actress of Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan
• Honorata “Atang” dela Rama was awarded National Artist for Theater and Music in 1987
• Senakulo was written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen
• Senakulo's narrative was culled entirely from the Biblical account of Christ's passion and death on the cross adapted into verse form and translated into the local language
• Komedya depicts the conflict between Muslims and Christians
• Komedya types


  • Komedya de Santo or Religious Komedya
  • Secular Komedya - Moro-moro
• Folk Music and Dance

  • cariñosa
  • pandango
  • polka
  • dansa
  • riodon
• Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas is the first scientific map of the Philippines
• The Jesuit Priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde collaborated with artists Francisco Suarez and engraver Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay to make Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas


  1734