States of Matter

• Solid:

  • Arrangement: Particles are closely packed in a fixed arrangement.
  • Movement: Vibrational motion in fixed positions.
  • Relative energy: Lowest energy level compared to liquids and gases.
• Liquid:

  • Arrangement: Particles are close together but can move past each other.
  • Movement: Particles can move randomly and slide over one another.
  • Relative energy: Intermediate energy level, higher than solids but lower than gases.
• Gas:

  • Arrangement: Particles are far apart and have no fixed arrangement.
  • Movement: Particles move freely and collide with each other and the container walls.
  • Relative energy: Highest energy level among the three states of matter.
• What is the process called when a slid becomes a liquid?

  Melting
• What is the process called when a liquid becomes a gas?

  Evaporation.
• What is the process called when a gas becomes a liquid?

  Condensation.
• What is the process called when a liquid becomes a solid?


  Freezing.
• What is the process called when a solid turns into a gas?

  Sublimation.
• What is the process called when a gas turns into a solid?

  Deposition.
• Melting (Solid to Liquid):

  • Arrangement: Solid lattice breaks down.
  • Movement: Particles gain kinetic energy, slide past each other.
  • Energy: Absorbed from surroundings.
• Freezing (Liquid to Solid):

  • Arrangement: Particles come closer, form solid lattice.
  • Movement: Particles slow down, become fixed.
  • Energy: Released to surroundings.
• Evaporation (Liquid to Gas):

  • Arrangement: Surface particles escape into gas phase.
  • Movement: Particles gain kinetic energy, move faster.
  • Energy: Absorbed from surroundings.
• Condensation (Gas to Liquid):

  • Arrangement: Gas particles come closer, form liquid.
  • Movement: Particles slow down, become closely packed.
  • Energy: Released to surroundings.
• Sublimation (Solid to Gas):

  • Arrangement: Solid particles enter gas phase directly.
  • Movement: Particles gain kinetic energy, move freely.
  • Energy: Absorbed from surroundings.
• Deposition (Gas to Solid):

  • Arrangement: Gas particles come together to form solid.
  • Movement: Particles slow down, become fixed.
  • Energy: Released to surroundings.