QUARTER 3

• What is the Pacific Ring of Fire characterized by?

  Frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
• What is a volcano?

  An opening in the earth’s crust
• What do volcanoes provide as a source of energy?

  Geo-Thermal Energy
• What is magma?

  Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface
• Why is magma lighter than solid rock?

  It is molten and less dense
• What happens to rock in the magma chamber?

  It melts and builds up pressure
• What is lava?

  Magma that reaches the surface
• How do different mixtures of lava affect volcanoes?

  They create different types of volcanoes
• What are the main parts of a volcano?

  • Magma Chamber
  • Conduit
  • Sill
  • Crater
  • Lava Flow
  • Ash Cloud
  • Main Vent
  • Secondary Vent
• What is the function of the magma chamber?

  Holds molten rock ready to erupt
• What is the conduit in a volcano?

  A passage transporting magma to the surface
• What is a sill in volcanic terms?

  A horizontal crack with solidified magma
• What forms a crater?

  It forms after violent eruptions
• What is a lava flow?

  Molten rock that rushes down a volcano
• What is an ash cloud?

  Cloud of ash and gases from eruptions
• What is the main vent of a volcano?

  The major outlet for volcanic activity
• Where can secondary vents be found?

  On the sides of the volcano
• What are the types of volcanoes based on activity?

  1. Active volcanoes - erupted in last 10,000 years
  2. Inactive volcanoes - no eruptions in last 10,000 years
  3. Extinct volcanoes - no historical eruptions recorded
• What defines an active volcano?

  Exhibits activity in the last 10,000 years
• What is an inactive volcano?

  No eruptions in the past 10,000 years
• What characterizes an extinct volcano?

  No historical record of eruption
• What is weather?

  Day-to-day changes in the atmosphere
• What factors determine weather?

  Air temperature, pressure, precipitation, wind, clouds
• What happens at high air temperatures?

  Molecules move faster and evaporate water
• How does air pressure affect weather?

  Higher pressure leads to fair weather
• What does precipitation determine?

  The type of weather that occurs
• How does wind strength and direction affect weather?

  Can be cool and moist or warm and dry
• What role do clouds play in weather?

  Water vapor condenses to form clouds
• What is PAGASA?

  Agency for weather and climate forecasts
• What is climate?

  Cumulative patterns of weather over time
• What is the Köppen Climate Classification System?

  • Classifies climate into zones
  • Based on vegetation
  • Invented by Wladimir Köppen
• What factors determine climate?

  Temperature and precipitation factors
• How does latitude affect temperature?

  Temperature decreases as latitude increases
• How does proximity to water affect climate?

  Windward side is cool and moist
• How does elevation affect temperature?

  Higher elevation leads to colder temperatures
• How do mountain ranges affect precipitation?

  Mountains receive more rainfall than low areas
• How does wind affect climate?

  Exposed regions receive warmer air
• What is climate change?

  Significant change in weather patterns
• What is global warming?

  Long-term heating of Earth's surface
• What are natural causes of global warming?

  Volcanic eruptions and solar radiation fluctuations