Section four

• What is eysencks theory

  Biological theory that determines personality.

  used a personality test.
• What did his personality test study?

  Introverts and extroverts

  neurotic and stable

  later he added psychotic
• What are the differences in personality due to according to Eysenck

  Biological differences- level of activity in the brain
• Lower levels of cortical arousal

  Extroverts - get bored easily and so seek team sports
• High levels of cortical arousal

  Introverts - prefer individual sports
• What is where someone falls on the N-S scale caused by

  Their ANS. - responds to emotions such as stress
• If someone is neurotic what does Eysenck say


  They ANS is ready to respond and so get anxious easily, they avoid competitive sports
• If someone is stable what does Eysenck say


  The ANS is slow to respond and so they are easy going, seek competitive sports
• People who score high in psychotic have high?

  Testosterone - seek aggressive sport
• Supporting evidence for Eysenck

  Francis - compared Irish female students who were in uni hockey clubs with a control group of female students with no involvement in sport. Hockey players had higher scores in extroverts
• What is wrong with Eysencks test

  Only looked at 4 traits (reductionist)
• What did allport and odbert do

  Came up with 18,000 personality words and reduced it to 4500. these were categorised into 16 factors and 185 multiple choice questions
• What were the questions in catells 16 personality test

  True or false - 185 based on real everyday situations
• What is supporting evidence for catell

  Garland used 272 USA football players and categorised them into levels of skill. Found that 4 traits were associated with skill
• What 4 traits were found by garland to associate with skill

  Tough mindedness , extroverts , group dependence , emotional stability
• What is the psycho analytic theory of personality

  Our unconscious, aggressive and sexual instincts are major in determining personality - ID ego and superego
• What is the social learning theory

  All behaviours are learnt. Reward and punishment - vicarious reinforcement- attention - retention and reproduction
• What is martens schematic view

  If we are to predict a behaviour in a sport setting we much consider the situation rather than the individual
• What are the three levels that relate to each other according to martens schematic view

  Physiological core, typical responses, role related behaviour
• What is the physiological core

  Referred to as the real you. What beliefs and interests are.
• What are typical responses

  Usual ways you respond to any given situation.
• What is role related behaviour

  Determines the circumstances you are in. Circumstances are ever changing especially in a sporting environment
• What is the key research

  Kroll and krenshaw
• What is the aim of kroll and krenshaw

  Aim of this study was to compare the personalities of regional/national athletes competing in 4 sports. compare the 16 traits in catells test
• What athletes did K and K look at

  Football, gymnasts , wrestlers and karate
• What was the sample of K and K

  387 males

  81 football

  141 gym

  94 wrestlers

  71 karate
• What was the method of K and K

  independent measures

  quasi

  IV - sport

  DV - score on personality test
• Procedure of kroll and krenshaw

  All ps given the 16pf and a 15 scale lie test. Those who scored higher than 7 on the lie test had results removed. Comparisons were then made between the sports
• Findings of kroll and K

  Gymnasts scored lower on tension. Karate scored highest on tension

  gymnasts scored lowest in rule of conscious.
• What percentage of kk ps matched correctly to the sport

  50.6
• Conclusions of k and k

  Significant differences in personality profiles in different sports.

  most distinctive group is gymnasts
• What are the two applications

  Improving relationships

  improving team cohesion
• How can we improve performer relationships

  Use the NEO- Pi-R test. This means performers can be paired successfully .
• How can we improve coach performer relationship

  Personality test - pair those with matching qualities
• How can we improve team cohesion

  Personality test - coaches can select teams accurately.