Relates to genetic variation of the number and frequency of alleles of a specific gene. Loss of genetic diversity can impact a species' ability to adapt to changing conditions
Species diversity
Number of different species in an ecosystem and the proportion of each species. Represents richness and relative abundance
Ecosystem diversity
Number of distinct ecosystems in a defined area. Used to monitor ecosystem change and for conservation decisions
Overexploitation like over-fishing and over-harvesting can lead to extinction if not stopped in time. Some species with low genetic diversity can still survive
Bottleneck effect occurs when a population is almost wiped out, leading to loss of genetic information hindering adaptation to future changes
Habitat fragmentation results in smaller habitat fragments leading to decreased biodiversity and increased competition between species
Introduced species can become invasive, outcompeting native species and reducing biodiversity in an ecosystem
