AP Human Geography

• Population density is the number of individuals per unit area or volume.
• Parallels and meridians are different terms for latitude and longitude lines.
• Physical geography is the study of the spatial characteristics of various elements of the physical environment.
• Human geography focuses on human activities and their effects on the natural world.
• Geographic information systems (GIS) use computer technology to collect, store, analyze, manage, and present data about locations and features on the earth's surface.
• Spatial patterns refer to the general arrangement of things being studied.
• Networks are a set of interconnected entities, sometimes called nodes.
• Quantitative data is any info that can be measured and recorded using numbers.
• Communication networks involve the transmission of messages or signals from one place to another using electronic devices like computers, smartphones, tablets, televisions, radios, and satellites.
• Geospatial data is quantitative and spatial, having a geographic location component to it and is often used with GIS.
• Reference maps are designed for people to refer to for general info abt places.
• Choropleth maps display statistical data using shading or colors within political boundaries.
• Thematic maps show specific characteristics of an area by coloring areas based on their values.
• Political maps show and label human-created boundaries and designations
• Physical maps show and label natural features such as mountains, rivers, and lakes.
• Road maps show and label highways, streets, and alleys.
• Plat maps show and label property lines and details of land ownership.
• Dot distribution maps are used to show the specific location and distribution of something across a map.
• Graduated symbol maps use symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something.
• Isoline maps/isometric maps use lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space.
• In a cartogram, the sizes of areas are shown according to some specific statistic.
• Points of equal elevation are connected on topographic maps.
• Cartographic scale refers to the way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents.
• Small-scale maps show a larger amount of area with less detail.
• Large-scale maps show a smaller amount of area with a greater amount of detail.
• Absolute location is the precise spot where something is according to a system.
• Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator.
• The equator is an imaginary line that circles the globe exactly halfway between the North and South poles.
• Longitude is the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
• The prime meridian is an imaginary line that runs from pole to pole through Greenwich, England.
• The International Date Line roughly follows the prime meridian but makes deviations to accommodate international boundaries.
• Relative location is a description of where something is in relation to other things.
• Connectivity is how well two locations are tied together by roads or other links.
• Accessibility is how quickly and easily people in one location can interact with people in another location.
• Direction is used in order to describe where things are in relation to each other.
• Absolute distance is usually measured in terms of feet, miles, meters, or kilometers.
• The term relative distance indicates the degree of nearness based on time or money and is often dependent on the mode of travel.
• Elevation is the distance of features above sea level.
• Distribution is the way a phenomenon is spread out over an area.
• Clustered or agglomerated phenomena are arranged in a group or concentrated area.