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• Art


  The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, produces works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power
• Art as a form of

  • Self-expression
  • Therapy
  • Aesthetic
  • Inspiration
  • Motivation
  • Awareness
• Arturo Luz


  Produced paintings in the 90s and well into the 21st century, hard-edged and abstract minimalist style, National artist
• Neoclassical Art


  Depicts reality as closely as possible and idealizes it, beautiful and pastoral, "academic" as it continues to be taught in school
• Social realist of the 70s


  Considered heirs of Neo-Realist
• Imelda Cajipe-Endaya


  Social realist with a markedly different style and medium of installation
• Characteristics of Contemporary Art

  • Site-specific
  • Process-based
  • Collaborative and interactive
  • Distinguishable from Modern Art in historical stylistic and cultural terms
  • Never fixed, but open to many possibilities
  • A window to Philippine contemporary life
• Pre-colonial and Islamic period
• Art before colonization


  • Mayvanuvanua (Batanes)
  • Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative Region)
  • Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao)
  • Tagbanwa (Palawan)
• Ethnic Musical Instrument


  • Kudyapi
  • Kulintang
  • Gansa
  • Agong
• Native Dance Forms


  • Pangalay (Sulu)
  • Ki
• Ethnic Musical Instrument


  • Kudyapi - A three stringed guitar
  • Kulintang - An array of bossed gongs
  • Gansa - Flat gong
  • Agong - A large bossed gong
• Native Dance Forms


  • Pangalay (Sulu) - Mimetic dance of seabirds
  • Kinabua of Mandaya - Performs swooping movements imitating the movements of eagle
  • Banog-banog of the Higaonon and B’laan - Courtship dance that portrays the flight of the birds
  • Man manok (Bago Tribe) - Dance that dramatizes three roosters who compete against one another to be able to get the attention of a hen, Lady Lien
  • Talip (Ifugao) - Courtship dance mimetic of the movements of wild fowls
  • Inamong of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas (T’boli) - Represent the comedic movements of monkey
  • Tinikling (Tagalog) - Evocative of the movements of the crane-balancing itself on stilt-like legs or flitting away from the clutches of bamboo traps
• Carving


  • Bulul (Cordillera) - Granary god that plays important role in rituals
  • Hagabi (Ifugao) - Wooden bench that marks the socio-economic status of the owner
• Christianized communities in Paete Laguna and Betis Pampanga are known for carving santos
• In the Southern Philippines, curvilinear decorations called the okir are employed in woodcarving
• Sarimanok is the stylized design of a bird holding a fish in its beak and/or standing on a base in the shape of a fish
• Naga has the form of an elaborate mythical serpent or dragon with a vigorous S-curve and numerous curvilinear motifs to suggest its scales
• Pako Rabong is a stylized growing fern with a broad base gracefully tapering upwards
• The sarimanok and naga are found in the panolong, the extended floor beam and the interior beams and posts of the large sultan’s house called torogan
• Manunggul Jar excavated in Manunggul Cave Lipunan Point Palawan is dated to the late Neolithic Period (890-710)
• Manunggul Jar has two anthropomorphic or human forms atop the lid
• During the Metal Age (5 BC-225 BC) another type of anthropomorphic jars was produced; the human figure is more pronounced with lid as the head and base as the body
• Pottery would become more and more associated with objects for daily use, such as the palayok (clay pot) for cooking, and the banga and tapayan (clay pot) for storing liquids
• In Vigan Ilocos, the making of burnay pottery continues as a lively tradition
• Textile weaving has a long history, Philippine ethnolinguistic groups have a rich textile weaving tradition
• Textiles impart knowledge about people’s belief systems: the reverence for spirits and nature criteria for beauty and the society’s socio-political structure
• Woven Textiles


  • Pis Syabit - A headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu
  • Malong - It has exquisite tapestry panels called langkit woven by the Maranao of Lanao Del Sur
• Weaving


  • Tepo Mat - A colorful double layered mat of Sama of Tawi-Tawi made of pandan leaves
  • Ovaloid Baskets - Made of nito and bamboo are used as a head sling to carry harvest
  • Bubo - Fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the Ilocos region
• Tattoos


  • Visayas “Islas de los Pintados”
  • Shared by Southeast Asia and New Zealand other ethnolinguistic groups that practices tattooing are Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy, and Ifugao
• Jewelry


  • The T’boli in particular are known for wearing brass chains bells and colorful beads
• Lotoans


  • Betel nut boxes of various shapes
• Functional Containers


  • Textured design of rhombuses, spirals, circles, and tendrils swarm over the exteriors
• Brass Kendi and Gadur

  • Used in ceremonies and are cherished as status symbols or as heirloom pieces
• Functional Containers


  • Textured design of rhombuses, spirals, circles, and tendrils swarm over the exteriors
• Brass Kendi and Gadur

  • Used in ceremonies and are cherished as status symbols or as heirloom pieces
• Islam was already well entrenched in Southern Philippines where it continues to be culturally dominant
• Islam gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as 13th century
• How art is influenced by Islam

  1. Notion of Tawhid or Unity with God emphasizes the impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible greatness of the divine Being

  2. Interior of mosques are covered with elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs

  3. Abstract forms and patterns

  4. Parts of the Mosque like the mihrab or niche and the Qibla wall are oriented toward the west

  5. Bulbous dome expresses all levels of comic existence - Octagonal base symbolizes the spirit while the four-sided main base refers to the earth or material world

  6. The courtyard or Ka’bah a black shrine believed to be built by Prophet Muhammad himself

  7. The area of water supply serves as the function of the ablution or cleansing

  8. The gardens within the Mosque compound or even outside homes

  9. Islamic forms are inclined to project, grow, or have an upward orientation
• Panolong


  An elaborately carved protrusion akin to a wing attached to the torogan