Chapter 11 - Muscles

• tendons are made of

  dense irregular CT
• tendons connect

  muscle to bone
• ligaments attach what to what

  bone to bone
• aponeuroses are

  flat broad tendons
• what is the function of aponeuroses

  it provides multiple attachment sites
• What are MTU's

  musculotendinous units
• can MTU's that arent crossing a joint effect movement or stability

  no
• what is origin in terms of muscle attachements


  it is an attachment site on more stable bone
• insertion is


  an attachment site on a moving bone
• is insertion proximal or distal


  distal
• is origin proximal or distal


  proximal
• when working in groups they can


  pull but not push
• agonists are 


  the prime movers
• synergists 


  help the agonist
• antagonists


  work against agonists
• why do antagonists work against agonist


  to slow down / control movement
• fixators are used to


  stabilize the joint so that the prime movers are effective
• what is an example of fixators


  rhomboids and trapzius on scapula
• what are the 4 types of lever arms


  lever

  fulcrum

  load

  effort
• levers are


  ridged structures(bone) moving about an axis
• fulcrum are


  pivot points
• loads are 


  resisting forces
• effort is


  muscular force
• how many lever classes are there


  3
• what is an example of a first class lever


  see-saw
• power and leverage for a first class lever depends on


  the placement of the fulcrum
• how often does a first class lever occur


  few times
• a fulcrum can also be know as


  a joint axis
• a load can be also knows as


  the center of gravity
• the effort can also be known as


  muscular force
• what is an example of a 2nd class lever


  wheel barrel
• power and leverage for a 2nd class lever depends on


  high mechanical advantage
• how common are second class levers


  uncommon
• what is an example of a 3rd class lever


  elbow flexion
• power and leverage is dependent on what with the 3rd class lever


  mechanical disadvantage
• which is the most common lever


  the 3rd class lever
• In what sequence is the 1st class lever in


  L - F - E
• In what sequence is the 2nd class lever in


  F - L - E
• In what sequence is the 3rd class lever in


  F - E - L
• Muscle fibers within skeletal ms form?


  bundles called fascicles