1.1.4. Psychological Perspective of the Self

• SelfUnderstood in two ways: ME and I
• "ME"


  Self as an object of experience
• "I"


  Self as subject of experience
• I-Self reflects what people see or perceive themselves doing in the physical world
• Me-Self is a more subjective and psychological phenomenon, referring to individual's reflections about themselves (e.g., characterizing oneself as athletic, smart, cooperative).
• Material self


  • Tangible objects or possessions we collect for ourselves
• Social self


  • How we interact and portray ourselves within different groups, situations, or persons
• Spiritual self


  • Internal dispositions
• Global models


  Refers to the general value that a person places on him or herself, distinguished from appraisals or specific traits or abilities
• Differentiated models


  Refers to freeing oneself from family processes to define oneself; having different opinions and values than family members while staying emotionally connected
• Levels of Differentiated Self: Low Differentiated Person, Well Differentiated Person, Highly Differentiated Person
• Low Differentiated Person


  More likely to become fused with predominant family emotions and expectations; excessively depend on others for approval and acceptance; vulnerable to stress
• Well Differentiated Person


  An ideal where one needs others but depends less on others' acceptance and approval
• Highly Differentiated Person


  Has clear boundaries; freer of fear; maintains confidence and safety across various settings and situations
• Real Self and Ideal Self are Carl Rogers' Self Theory
• In Rogers' view, the closer the ideal self to the real self, the more fulfilled and happy individuals become.
• Multiple Selves


  Concept where differing aspects of oneself exist within one person, rather than multiple people residing within one body
• Unified Selves


  The self understood as a unified being connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency
• True Selves


  The child's real feelings, needs, desires, and thoughts
• False Selves


  Changed behavior, repressed feelings, and pushed aside to survive
• Types of False Self: Healthy False Self snd Unhealthy False Self
• Healthy False Self


  Allows someone to be functional in society; enables politeness and social courtesy even when not feeling like it
• Unhealthy False Self


  Effects are different from the healthy false self for long-term well-being
• The Self as Proactive Agentic


  Aspect of human personality determining the future assessment of one's goals, objectives, actions
• Real self


  All the ideas, including the awareness of what one is and what one can do
• Ideal self


  The person's conception of what one should be or what one aspires to be which includes one's goals and ambitions in life