DSM

• Binge eating disorder

  Where lots of food is eaten in a short amount of time due to lack of control
• Anorexia nervosa

  Distorted body image and extreme dieting occurs due to a fear of becoming fat
• Bulimia nervosa

  Frequent episodes of binge eating followed by self induced vomitting to avoid weight gain.
• Describe DSM

  • DSM criteria for diagnosis are based on "cluster analysis" which is where groups of symptoms are identified
  • Section 1: is an introduction to DSM 5 and an explanation of how to use the manual.
  • Section 2: lists the Diagnostic criteria and codes; This includes the 20 different categories under which disorders are listed with the criteria needed to diagnose them
  • For each disorder a set of diagnostic criteria explains what symptoms must be present and other disorders that must be ruled out to be diagnosed with schizophrenia
  • For SZ At least 2 of the following symptoms: Delusions, Hallucination, Disorganized speech, catatonic behaviour
  • At least 1 of the symptoms must be the presence of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
  • Symptoms must persist for 6 months and these problems must not be attributable to another condition.
• What is cultural formulation in DSM Section 3?

  A method to evaluate patients' cultural backgrounds
• What is the dimensional approach in DSM Section 3?

  • Considers symptom presentation aspects
  • Important for treatment planning
  • Captures quantitative measures like symptom count
  • Evaluates intensity, duration, and changes in symptoms
• How can emerging disorders be addressed by psychiatrists?

  They can refer patients not fitting current disorders
• What are the key components of the assessment measure in DSM Section 3?

  • Evaluates general mental functioning
  • Assesses severity of disorder
  • Includes disability assessment
  • Focuses on treatment planning and monitoring
• Reliability of DSM

  • (-)Cheniaux et al found that using ICD10 Schizophrenia was more likely to be diagnosed when compared with diagnosis given when DSM-IV was used, suggesting the classification systems are not consistent.
  • (-)Cooper found that only 15% of disorders evaluated in DSM5 field trials scored 0.6 on the Kappa scale compare to 0.7 when DSM 3 was reviewed suggesting that DSM5 is less consistent with disorders such as major depression that earlier versions.
  • (+)Watson found that the reliability of DSM5 is comparable to DSM 4 using audio recording reliability showing self-reporting of symptoms is consistent across both systems
  • (+)Rosenhan found that 7 of the 8 pseudo patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia showing that DSM can be applied reliably to different patients getting the same diagnosis.
• Validity of DSM

  • (+)Andrews et al assessed 1500 people using DSMIV and ICD and found an overall agreement of 68% therefore it can be said that both systems have concurrent validity.
  • (+)Brown found that using the proposed DSM 5 criteria more patients are diagnosed with AN rather than EDNOS when compared to DSM IV suggesting DSM 5 is better able to recognise the disorder this means it is measuring AN symptom's more accurately than DSM IV.
  • (-)Schwartz found that Afro-Americans are 3-4 times more likely to be diagnosed as psychotic compared to Euro-Americans showing that DSM5 is less accurate in diagnosis as it is still affected by ethnicity.