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Cells
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Cards (59)
What are the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
with
membrane-bound
organelles
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What is the general structure of an animal cell?
Cell-surface
membrane
,
mitochondrion
,
nucleus
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What additional structures are found in plant cells compared to animal cells?
Chloroplast
,
cell wall
,
cell vacuole
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What is the structure of the cell-surface membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
with
proteins
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What is the function of the cell-surface membrane?
Selectively permeable
for substance control
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What is the structure of the nucleus?
Double membrane with
nuclear pores
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What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores
genetic
information and codes for
proteins
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What is the structure of a ribosome?
Made of
ribosomal RNA
and
protein
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What is the function of a ribosome?
Site of
protein synthesis
(
translation
)
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What is the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)?
System of
membranes
with
ribosomes
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What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)?
Synthesizes and processes
proteins
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What is the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)?
System of membranes
without
ribosomes
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What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)?
Synthesizes and processes
lipids
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What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
Flattened
membrane
sacs
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies and packages
proteins
and
lipids
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What is the structure of lysosomes?
Membrane with
hydrolytic enzymes
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What is the function of lysosomes?
Breaks down
pathogens
and
worn-out
components
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What is the structure of mitochondria?
Outer membrane
and
inner membrane
folds
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What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of
aerobic respiration
to produce
ATP
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What is the structure of chloroplasts?
Double membrane
with
thylakoid membranes
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What is the function of chloroplasts?
Absorbs light energy for
photosynthesis
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What is the structure of the cell wall in plants?
Composed mainly of
cellulose
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What is the function of the cell wall in plants?
Provides
mechanical strength
to prevent bursting
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What is the structure of the cell vacuole in plants?
Tonoplast membrane
with
cell sap
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What is the function of the cell vacuole in plants?
Maintains
turgor pressure
and stores substances
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How are eukaryotic cells organized in multicellular organisms?
Eukaryotic cells
specialize
for specific functions
Form tissues:
groups
of
specialized
cells
Form organs:
aggregations
of tissues
Form
organ systems
: groups of organs
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How can you explain adaptations of eukaryotic cells using organelles?
[
Named cell
] has many [
named organelle
]
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What are the distinguishing features of prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm lacking
membrane-bound
organelles
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What is the general structure of prokaryotic cells?
Cell-surface membrane
, cell wall,
cytoplasm
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What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells regarding organelles?
Eukaryotic cells have
membrane-bound
organelles
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What is the difference in DNA structure between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic DNA is long and
linear
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Why are viruses described as acellular and non-living?
They lack
cellular structure
and
metabolism
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What is the general structure of a virus particle?
Nucleic acids
surrounded by a
capsid
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What is the function of attachment proteins in viruses?
Allow attachment to specific
host cells
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What do viruses lack compared to living cells?
No
cytoplasm
,
ribosomes
, or
organelles
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What is the difference between a capsid and a lipid envelope in viruses?
Capsid is a
protein
coat
; lipid envelope is a
membrane
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What is the structure of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Contains
murein
, a
glycoprotein
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What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Provides
structural
support and
protection
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What type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?
Small (
70S
) ribosomes
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How is prokaryotic DNA structured?
Short and
circular
, free in cytoplasm
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