Overview

Cards (59)

  • What are the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells?
    Cytoplasm with membrane-bound organelles
  • What is the general structure of an animal cell?
    Cell-surface membrane, mitochondrion, nucleus
  • What additional structures are found in plant cells compared to animal cells?
    Chloroplast, cell wall, cell vacuole
  • What is the structure of the cell-surface membrane?
    Phospholipid bilayer with proteins
  • What is the function of the cell-surface membrane?
    Selectively permeable for substance control
  • What is the structure of the nucleus?
    Double membrane with nuclear pores
  • What is the function of the nucleus?
    Stores genetic information and codes for proteins
  • What is the structure of a ribosome?
    Made of ribosomal RNA and protein
  • What is the function of a ribosome?
    Site of protein synthesis (translation)
  • What is the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)?
    System of membranes with ribosomes
  • What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)?
    Synthesizes and processes proteins
  • What is the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)?
    System of membranes without ribosomes
  • What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)?
    Synthesizes and processes lipids
  • What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
    Flattened membrane sacs
  • What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
    Modifies and packages proteins and lipids
  • What is the structure of lysosomes?
    Membrane with hydrolytic enzymes
  • What is the function of lysosomes?
    Breaks down pathogens and worn-out components
  • What is the structure of mitochondria?
    Outer membrane and inner membrane folds
  • What is the function of mitochondria?
    Site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP
  • What is the structure of chloroplasts?
    Double membrane with thylakoid membranes
  • What is the function of chloroplasts?
    Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
  • What is the structure of the cell wall in plants?
    Composed mainly of cellulose
  • What is the function of the cell wall in plants?
    Provides mechanical strength to prevent bursting
  • What is the structure of the cell vacuole in plants?
    Tonoplast membrane with cell sap
  • What is the function of the cell vacuole in plants?
    Maintains turgor pressure and stores substances
  • How are eukaryotic cells organized in multicellular organisms?
    • Eukaryotic cells specialize for specific functions
    • Form tissues: groups of specialized cells
    • Form organs: aggregations of tissues
    • Form organ systems: groups of organs
  • How can you explain adaptations of eukaryotic cells using organelles?
    [Named cell] has many [named organelle]
  • What are the distinguishing features of prokaryotic cells?
    Cytoplasm lacking membrane-bound organelles
  • What is the general structure of prokaryotic cells?
    Cell-surface membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm
  • What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells regarding organelles?
    Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles
  • What is the difference in DNA structure between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
    Eukaryotic DNA is long and linear
  • Why are viruses described as acellular and non-living?
    They lack cellular structure and metabolism
  • What is the general structure of a virus particle?
    Nucleic acids surrounded by a capsid
  • What is the function of attachment proteins in viruses?
    Allow attachment to specific host cells
  • What do viruses lack compared to living cells?
    No cytoplasm, ribosomes, or organelles
  • What is the difference between a capsid and a lipid envelope in viruses?
    Capsid is a protein coat; lipid envelope is a membrane
  • What is the structure of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
    Contains murein, a glycoprotein
  • What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
    Provides structural support and protection
  • What type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?
    Small (70S) ribosomes
  • How is prokaryotic DNA structured?
    Short and circular, free in cytoplasm