Lesson 3

• Gender Studies


  A field of study concerned about how reproductive roles are interpreted and negotiated in society through gender. Identity markers include ethnicity, race, religion, nation, and sexuality
• Social Research


  The process of investigating social realities. Examples include Census and investigation of agricultural lands
• Research approach


  The orientation in understanding social realities. It can be qualitative (interpretive), quantitative (deductive), or both
• Ethics in research


  Considerations in conducting research to ensure the well-being of participants and the soundness of the study outcome without undue harm to those involved
• Gender studies is about looking into, analyzing, and examining society to notice power relations in seemingly simple things
• Gender is a big part of individual and societal social organization, often unnoticed, with gender roles playing a significant role in different cultures and historical times
• Gender studies emerged in the mid-1970s to analyze how gender, sex, and sexuality impact lives, particularly in creating gender inequality
• Gender roles are sets of culturally defined behaviors such as masculinity and femininity, which are not fixed and may vary across cultures and time periods
• In gender studies, there is a challenge to disrupt and question social expectations, gender roles, and gender norms
• Gender Studies is not just for women but for everyone, exploring how gender roles have changed throughout history and created inequalities
• Society encourages or reprimands behaviors to make individuals adapt to social expectations, leading to the normalization of gender roles
• Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people often face discrimination and violence for not fitting traditional binary gender roles
• Gender studies analyze the creation and maintenance of gender norms to prevent inequalities in social, political, and economic spheres
• Gender Studies and Research

  Utilizes a systematic approach in identifying problems
• Gender studies


  Allows us to analyze the creation and maintenance of gender norms to prevent inequalities in social, political, and economic spheres
• Research process in Gender Studies

  1. Identifying problems

  2. Making hypotheses and assumptions

  3. Gathering data

  4. Making conclusions
• Qualitative approach in Gender Studies


  • Focuses on meanings created and interpretations made by people about their experiences
  • Methods: Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, Ethnography, Ethnomethodology
• Quantitative approach in Gender Studies

  • Focuses on characterizing a population or sample and making generalizations
  • Methods: Survey, Experiment
• Mixed methods in Gender Studies

  • Combining qualitative and quantitative methods to derive data from multiple sources
• Ethics in Gender and Sexuality Research

  • Principles to protect participants from harm: Informed Consent, Confidentiality and anonymity, Non-maleficence and beneficence, Distributive justice
• Ethical principles in Gender and Sexuality Research

  1. Informed Consent

  2. Confidentiality and anonymity

  3. Non-maleficence and beneficence

  4. Distributive justice