internal factors

• what is beckers labelling study


  he did a survey with 60 chicago high school teachers and found they judge pupils based on how they fit the image
• what is labelling theory


  where teachers give students get given labels based on their grades so they internalise those grades and have the self fufiling prophecy
• what is the ideal pupil

  academic, obident hardwrker ect
• what is hempel-jorgensen study

  recetn study of two English primary schools and found that notions vary according to the social class of the school

  Aspen Primary School:

  largely working class and displine was a major problem and the ideal pupil is queit, passive and obident

  Rowen Primary School:

  middle class and few displine prblems and ideal pupil was defined in terms of personality and academic achievment
• what is the self fufilling prophecy


  when a teacher labels a pupil therefore treats the pupil that way and the oupil internalises the teachers expectations
• what did becker say abotu streaming


  teachers do not usually see working class children as ideal pupils and they tend to lack ability due to low expectations of themselves. Hard to move up into hgher stream ,
• what is pupil identites 


  how pupil class identity are formed outside of school and interact within schools and its values to produce educational sucess and failure
• what is Habitus 


  the dispositions or learned taken for granted ways of thinking being and acting tht are shared by a particular social class
• what are the nike identities

  • pupils were concious that society looked down on them leading the to seek alternative ways of creating self worth by creating meaningful class identites for themselves
  • style preformances were heavily policed by peer groups and not conforming as social suicide
  • leading to conflict with uniform, middle class habitus
  • nike styles also play apart in working class pupils rejection of higher education as they thought it was unrealistic( wasnt suitible for people like us) and undesirable (sut their prefferd lifestyle)
• what did archer argue about nike identities

  pupils invest Nike identities as it express their positive preference for a particular lifestyles.
• what did evans study

  studied a group of 21 working class girls from a comprehensive study for their alevels and they were reluctant to apply for elite unis because they thought they wouldnt fit in
• what did ingram study

  studies two groups of working class catholic boys form the same highly deprived neighbourhood . One groups had passed their 11+ exam and gone to grammar school while the other group had failed and gone to local secondary schppls. The gramar schools ghad stong middle class habitus of high expectations and academic achievment while secondary schools has a low expectatiation
• what is a pupil subculture


  a group of pupils who share similar values and behavior patterns
• what is pro school subculture

  pupils in high streams tend ti remain committed to the values of the school and they gain their status in the approved manner through academic success
• what is anti school subculture

  placed in low streams suffer a loss of self esteem therefore are against school
• what did Stephen ball say about streaming abolishing

  when schools abolish sets the basis for pupils to polarise into subculture was removed and anti school declined
• what is woods responses to setting

  ingratiation- being a teacher pet

  ritualism- going through the motions and staying out of trouble

  retreatism- daydreaming and mucking about

  rebellion- outright rejection of everything schools stand for
• what did furlong argue

  pupils are not committed permently to any one response they move depending to lesson and teacher
• what is the A-C economy

  children are ranked based on the pressure that teachers recieve therefore have to label students wit the amount of support they can recive based on if they are going to improve or not
• what is educational triage

  the way that children are triage to have support
• what is progress 8

  the new process used to measure educational success. if someone moves up 5 levels from their sats then it is deemed a sucess for both them and the school. it also reduced labellung,