BSR

• Forms of Business Organization

  1. Sole Proprietorship - single owner

  2. Partnerships - 2 or more owners

  3. Corporations - shareholders

  4. Cooperative - members, not shareholders
• Core Principles of Good Corporate Governance

  • Fairness - equal opportunities to all
  • Accountability - obligation or responsibility to assigned tasks
  • Transparency - clear information
• Stewardship


  Act of being responsible to the owner’s properties within the business
• Non-profit Organization


  • For social causes
• Code of Ethics

  • Vision - something you imagine
  • Values - something that is important or useful
  • Mission - a special task to work on
  • Principles - moral rules or beliefs
• Examples of Ethical Issues in Business

  1. Finance - Includes fairness in trading practices, trading conditions, financial contracting, sales practices, consultation services, tax payments, internal audits, external audits and executive compensation

  2. Human Resource Management - Includes hiring and orientation, performance evaluation, training and development, labor relations, health and safety concerns, and even monitoring discrimination within the workplace

  3. Sales and Marketing - Includes promotion of quality products/services; openness about environmental threats; food ingredients; possible health hazards or financial risks; protection for the privacy and autonomy of consumers; truthfulness in advertising; and honesty in price and delivery

  4. Production - Includes company’s duties to ensure its goods and industrial procedures that do not inflict unnecessary harm. Some products can have adverse effects on the environment like air pollution, destruction of habitats and urban sprawl
• Classical Philosophies


  • Socrates: Socratic Method & Dare to Disagree
  • Plato: The Theory of Forms & Education
  • Aristotle: Happiness and Eudaimonia
  • Immanuel Kant: Deontology & The Categorical Imperative
  • Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism
• Belief Systems in Business

  • Christianity - Charity and justice in business must be exercised. They comply with the regulations and strictly adhere to contracts
  • Judaism - Fair pricing, market honesty, and good business relations should be applied
  • Islam - Business should be conducted in accordance with the rules of nature which God governs. They put restrictions on misleading advertisements
  • Buddhism - Businessmen should really care for the environment. They pursue the right livelihood
  • Hinduism - Tax system should have reasonable
• Islam


  Business should be conducted in accordance with the rules of nature which God governs
• Islam


  Islam puts restrictions on misleading advertisements
• Buddhism


  Businessmen should really care for the environment
• Buddhism


  Buddhists pursue the right livelihood
• Hinduism


  Tax system should have reasonable rates with proper implementation
• Hinduism


  Wealth is not the ultimate goal in Hinduism
• Filipino Value Systems

  • Bahala Na
  • Utang na Loob
  • Ningas-cogon
  • Padrino system
  • Amor propio
  • Mañana habit
  • Delicadeza
  • Hiya
  • Pakikisama
  • Family Oriented
  • Suki system
  • Bayanihan/ Team spirit
  • Palabra De Honor
  • Lakas ng Loob
  • Pakikipagsapalaran
  • Frugality/ Pagtitipid
• Filipino Value Systems

  • Bahala Na - putting life and leaving everything in the hands of God including their sufferings and problems
  • Utang na Loob - one should not forget to consider the good acts others may have done particularly in times of great needs
  • Ningas-cogon - connotes the eagerness of the Filipinos just at the beginning, but then rapidly lose interest shortly after it begins, or lack of follow-up
  • Padrino system - palakasan or patronage, a system of which one gets support, endorsement or appointment through family or friends
  • Amor propio - A Spanish term meaning caring for oneself or self-love
  • Mañana habit - Also known as procrastination or Mamaya na or putting off something until another time which made Filipinos less efficient and less energetic in doing the task
  • Delicadeza - A manner of having good decorum or absolute obedience to what is legal or ethical
  • Hiya - Shame or hiya is a sense of social propriety if they fail to do the agreed moral expectations, they add dishonor to themselves
  • Pakikisama - Companionship is a shared understanding of the other person’s personality and consciousness. It is treating others as equal, and with respect and integrity
  • Family Oriented - The Philippines is recognized as a family-centered country. Filipinos value their family as an important part of their social structure
  • Suki system - This system is a friendly customer-supplier relationship that is built over time
  • Bayanihan/ Team spirit - it means “being a bayan” and is being used as a spirit of unity within a group or so-called joint efforts
  • Palabra De Honor - A Spanish word meaning “Word of Honor”. This is an individual’s unwritten promise to someone to do or not to do something
  • Lakas ng Loob - Courage is the strength of mind or spirit that enables a person to meet challenges, situations, and pain bravely or without fear
  • Pakikipagsapalaran - Being Venturous is the ability of a person to take risks, even if they are prone to a potential loss
  • Frugality/ Pagtitipid - Known as economical management of resources, being careful in spending, and avoiding unnecessary expenses
• Socrates: The Gad-fly at the Marketplace

  “The unexamined life is not worth living”
• Plato: the philosopher king

  “Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws”
• Aristotle: All or nothing


  “Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence”
• Immanuel kant: Duty-Based Ethics


  “Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”
• Jeremy bethman: Utilitarianism


  “The said truth is that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong”
• John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism


  “A person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case, he is justly accountable to them for the injury.”