structure of population

• Much larger middle class present in rural areas due to counter-urbanisation, which occurs because of increased car ownership, cheaper houses and online work.
• In LICs and MICs the structure of the population changes due to rural to urban migration:

  • loss of young economically active
  • better educated people leave as they have more opportunities, but they are needed by the economy
  • some countries have mostly male migrants e.g. India, leaving women struggling to find marriage partners
  • other countries have more female migrants e.g. Latin America
• In LICs and MICs, the population can also increase:

  • retirement - pensions are more common
  • new business - tourism e.g. Bali
  • reduced employment elsewhere e.g. China