Tectonic Plates, Faults, and Volcanoes

• Types of Volcanoes


  • Active Volcano
  • Potentially active
  • Inactive Volcano
• Types of Volcanoes


  • Cinder or scoria cone
  • Composite volcanoes or stratovolcanoes
  • Shield volcanoes
• Cinder Volcano


  • Taal Volcano
• Composite volcanoes


  • Mt. Fuji Volcano
• Shield volcanoes


  • Fernandina Volcano
• Parts of a Volcano

  1. Volcanic Edifice

  2. Vent

  3. Chamber

  4. Conduit
• When magma overflows in the chamber & rises to the conduit and goes out of the vent

  Erupted magma is called lava
• Thick Magma


  Gasses build up pressure until violently released along with lava, ashes, & gasses
• Lava


  Flows out of the vent
• Explosive Eruptions


  Lava splits up & solidifies into pieces called tephra
• Effusive Eruptions


  Magma is very runny and can easily release gas
• 300 volcanoes in the Philippines but only 24 are active
• Taal Volcano is known as the smallest active volcano in the world
• Taal erupted for the first time in 1572
• Mount Mayon is known for its steep-sloped cone
• 7 Major Tectonic Plates

  • Pacific Plate
  • North American Plate
  • Eurasian Plate
  • Antarctic Plate
  • Indo-Australian Plate
  • South American Plate
  • African Plate
• Sections or parts of the earth’s crust

  Constantly in motion & collide with other plates
• Tectonic Plates


  The plates make up Earth's outer shell, called the lithosphere
• Convergent Plate Boundaries


  1. Plates go towards each other and collide

  2. Usually forms mountain ranges and sea trenches

  3. Occur when an oceanic plate dives beneath a landmass or subduction
• Divergent Plate Boundaries


  1. Plates move away from each other

  2. Causes magma to rise & solidify to form oceanic crust

  3. Earthquakes are common in nearby areas
• Transform Plate Boundaries


  1. Plates slide horizontally past each other

  2. Earthquakes caused by rock breaking
• Himalayan mountains are a product of a convergent boundary
• Alfred Wegener discovered the tectonic plates
• Types of Faults


  • Hanging wall
  • Foot wall
• Types of Faults


  • Strike-slip
  • Reverse
  • Normal
  • Oblique
• Plate Boundaries


  Related to types of faults
• Types of Faults


  • Strike-slip: sides horizontally slide past each other
  • Reverse: hanging wall moves upwards
  • Normal: hanging wall moves downwards
  • Oblique: normal or reverse with horizontal motion
• Types of Faults


  • Reverse Fault
  • Normal Fault
  • Strike Slip Fault
  • Oblique Fault
• Plate Boundaries vs. Faults

  • Plate boundaries ARE faults
  • There can be faults within tectonic plates
• More than 10,000 earthquakes are recorded in the Philippines every year
• There are 175 active faults in the Philippines
• The biggest fault system in the Philippines is the Philippine fault zone (PFZ)
• Plate boundaries are always faults
• Faults can exist within the interiors of plates
• There are more than 10,000 earthquakes recorded in the Philippines every year
• The Philippines has 175 active faults