What are the assumptions of the cognitive approach?
The cognitive approach has investigated those areas of human behaviour that were neglected by behaviourists, such as memory, perception and thinking. Cognitive psychologists study them indirectly by making inferences.
What is inference?
The process whereby cognitive psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate on the basis of observed behaviour. Going beyond the immediate research evidence.
What is meant by 'schema'?
Schema are 'packages' of ideas and information developed through experience. They act as a mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information by the cognitive system. Schema enables us to process lots of information quickly and this is useful as a sort of mental shortcut that prevents us from being overwhelmed by environmental stimuli. However, schema may also distort our interpretations of sensory information.
What are theoretical models?
They are used to help understand internal mental processes. They are 'abstract', simplified representations of how mental processes work and are often presented as boxes and arrows that indicate cause and effect. Two examples of theoretical models are the Working Memory Model and the Multi-store Model.
What are computer models?
They are the way in which sensory information is 'coded' as it passes through the system. Using a computer analogy to explain human behaviour, information is inputted through the senses, encoded into memory, then combined with previously stored information to compute a task.
What is cognitive neuroscience?
The scientific study of biological structures which underpin cognitive processes. It is the merging of the biological and cognitive approaches to studying the mind. Technological advancements mean that it is now more scientific than it ever has been before.
