Lesson 9

• In-text citations are a way of giving credit when certain material in your work comes from another source
• Readers can find the original source again with proper citation
• Whenever sources like books, journals, or websites are used in research, credit must be given to the original author by citing the source
• Citing sources gives credit and adds strength and authority to the work
• Citing sources places the work in a specific context to show where it fits within the larger conversation
• Citing sources is a great way to leave a trail to help others explore the conversation or use the sources in their own work
• Referencing styles


  • Chicago Manual of style (CMOS)
  • Modern Language Association Style (MLA)
  • Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA)
  • American Sociological Association (ASA)
  • American Psychological Association (APA)
• APA referencing style is the most commonly used in the field of education and is known as "author-date referencing"
• APA 6th Edition Manual of Style is used for APA referencing
• In-text citation is a reference citation made within the body of the text or essay
• In-text citations are used every time a quote, summary, or paraphrase is made
• APA 6th Edition Manual of Style
• In-text Citation
• USE OF APA STYLE
• Reference Citation
• A reference citation that is made within the body of the text or essay (Waikato Institute of Technology, 2010)
• Practically, we use in-text citations every time we quote, summarize, and paraphrase statements, information, and ideas that came from others
• Speaker: 'Quote'
• Fernandez (2020): 'Stressed that proper citation has to be observed among novice researchers'
• Fernandez (2020): 'Proper usage of citation styles promotes integrity among novice researchers'
• Fernandez's (2020) article, "Plagiarism: Writers' Crime": 'Stressed that proper citation has to be observed among novice researchers'
• Fernandez's (2020) book, "The Secrets of Plagiarism": 'Discussed on ways plagiarism can be avoided'
• Conduct of research enables novice researchers to deal with the practical aspect of education (Fernandez, 2020), as well as the theoretical foundations of different philosophies
• "Et al." is a Latin term for "et alia" which means "and others". This is used when you have multiple authors. Multiple authorship is authorship composed of six (6) or more authors
• Fernandez, Munez, and Valencia (2020): 'Attested that citation can be used only at the beginning and end of the statement'
• Fernandez et al. (2020): 'Attested that citation can be used only at the beginning and end of the statement'
• Montemayor as cited in Fernandez (2020): 'That citation can be used only at the beginning and end of the statement'
• Montemayor (2001): 'Attested that citation can be used only at the beginning and end of the statement (as cited in Pitt, 2020)'
• "Man in need" (2020): 'Eating healthy foods gives us more time for our loved ones'
• Fernandez (2020): 'Eating healthy foods gives us more time for our loved ones (p. 99)'
• According to Fernandez (2020): 'Eating healthy foods gives us more time for our loved ones (para. 99)'
• Practically, it is the list of the sources you have cited throughout your paper. This will provide your readers access to all the sources you have considered in your research
• Fernandez, D. V. (2020). Quest for happiness. Fern Publishing Company Press
• Fernandez, D. V., Munez, E. M., & Fernandez, Y. M. (2020). Quest for happiness. New York: Fern Publishing Company Press
• Fernandez, D. V., et al. (2020). Quest for happiness. New York: Fern Publishing Company Press
• Fernandez, D. V., Munez, E. M., & Fernandez, P. Y. M. (2020). Lived exp
• Types of publications


  • Thesis
  • Journal article
  • Unpublished master’s thesis
  • Master’s thesis
  • Book
  • Website
• Citations are a way of giving credit when certain material in your work came from another source
• Citations provide readers with the information necessary to find the source again, acting as a roadmap to the research process
• Citations give credit, add strength and authority to your work, place your work in a specific context, and leave a trail for other scholars