DNA replication enzymes

• Helicase is an enzyme responsible for unwinding the double-stranded DNA during replication.
• Ligase is the enzyme that joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to create a continuous DNA strand.
• DNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.
• DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing new strands during DNA replication.
• DNA polymerases are enzymes involved in synthesizing new DNA molecules from existing ones, with different types having specific roles such as proofreading and adding nucleotides to the growing chain.
• DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers from newly synthesized DNA strands, fills gaps with deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTP), and ligates the remaining single-stranded regions together.
• The leading strand is synthesized continuously by DNA polymerase III, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously through short pieces called Okazaki fragments.
• Primase is the enzyme that adds RNA primers at the beginning of each Okazaki fragment.
• Okazaki fragments are joined together by DNA ligase.
• The leading strand is synthesized continuously without interruption, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously as short segments called Okazaki fragments.
• Okazaki fragments are joined together by ligase to form a complete lagging strand.
• The leading strand is continuously synthesized, while the lagging strand is made up of short segments called Okazaki fragments.
• Topoisomerases are enzymes involved in relieving tension caused by supercoiling of DNA during replication.
• The three main steps of DNA replication include initiation, elongation, and termination.
• Initiation involves the formation of a primer at the origin of replication, which serves as a starting point for DNA polymerase III to begin synthesis.
• DNA polymerase III is the main enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication.
• RNA primers are used to initiate DNA synthesis at the origin of replication.
• Topoisomerase relieves tension caused by helicase activity.
• RNA primers are added at the start of each Okazaki fragment by an enzyme called primase.
• The individual Okazaki fragments are then connected together by DNA ligase.
• After synthesis, the RNA primer is removed and replaced with DNA by another enzyme called DNA polymerase.
• RNA primers are removed by DNA polymerase I and replaced with DNA nucleotides.
• Topoisomerase relieves tension caused by supercoiling of DNA.
• Ligase joins adjacent Okazaki fragments into one continuous strand.
• DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the growing DNA chain using dNTPs as building blocks.
• DNA polymerases have proofreading capabilities to correct errors during replication.
• During DNA replication, the two strands separate and serve as templates for new complementary strands.
• RNA primers are added to initiate synthesis on both strands.
• Each parental strand serves as a template for one daughter strand.
• During DNA replication, topoisomerases relax the supercoiled structure of DNA by breaking one or both strands of DNA and passing another segment through it.