interference theory

• Forgetting


  The apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual's short and long-term memory
• Interference theory


  When two pieces of information disrupt/conflict each other, referring to forgetting in long-term memory (LTM)
• LTM is permanent so any 'forgetting' is due to not having any access, however it is still available
• Proactive interference


  Occurs when an older memory interferes with a new memory, like calling an old pet a new pet's name or recalling a new phone number
• Retroactive interference


  Occurs when a newer memory interferes with an older memory, like learning a new sport
• Effect of similarity


  McGeoch and McDonald
• Effect of similarity


  Aim: investigate the effects of similarity between memories and its influence on interference
• Effect of similarity


  Procedure: retroactive interference - changing the amount of similarity of word lists, participants learn a list to 100% accuracy, then learn a new list in 6 groups: synonyms, antonyms, words unrelated to the original, constant syllables, three-digit numbers, control
• Effect of similarity


  Evaluations: ungeneralizable due to small sample size, lacks mundane realism, extraneous variable of tiredness, volunteer sample may attract a certain group, lab setting provides high control over extraneous variables, increases internal validity
• Effect of similarity


  Findings: recall was worse when two word lists were similar, interference is strongest when memories are similar, new memories overwrite the old ones