Lesson 1

• phlebos - vein
• temnein - venesection
• venesection - phlebotomy is also called?
• The practice of phlebotomy can be traced back to the Stone Age
• The ancient Egyptians also practiced phlebotomy as a form of "bloodletting" as early as 1400 BC
• Phlebotomy


  Bloodletting
• Hippocrates


  A Greek physician who believed that a person's health was dependent on the balance of the four humors: (1) Earth-blood and brain, (2) Air-phlegm and lungs, (3) Fire-blackbile and spleen, and (4) Water-yellow bile and gall bladder
• Phlebotomy was treated as a major therapy

  17th and 18th centuries
• During the Middle Ages, barber-surgeons performed bloodletting as part of the treatment for some illnesses
• Cupping


  An alternative medicine that helps ease pain, inflammation, or other health-related concerns
• Leeching


  A method that uses leeches for bloodletting and is currently used for microsurgical replantation
• Venipuncture is the method of blood collection using a needle inserted in a vein.
• capillary puncture is done by puncturing the skin.
• Listening is a major part of communication that leads to better understanding of situations and instructions.
• Inpatient


  Requires patients to stay in the hospital for at least one night to be serviced by tertiary care practitioners
• Outpatient


  Patients are served by secondary care specialists on the same day
• All patients can be serviced by primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of healthcare (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981)
• Primary level


  Health units in the rural areas and sub-units which are operated by the Department of Health
• Secondary level


  Non-departmentalized hospitals that attend to patients during the symptomatic stages of an ailment
• Tertiary level


  Medical centers and large hospitals where services are sophisticated coupled with highly technical facilities that can address serious diseases
• Ambulatory care


  Medical care given to outpatients or patients requiring care or follow-up check-ups after their discharge from the hospital
• Homebound services


  Procedures, tests, and services provided to a patient which are done in a patient's home or in a long-term facility
• Public health services


  Belong to the unit at the local level but are still under the jurisdiction of the health department of the government. Services are offered with little or no charge at all
• A hospital is an institution that has permanent inpatient beds with 24-hour nursing service along with therapeutic and diagnostic services managed by organized medical staff or personnel.
• Hospital - It houses the clinical laboratory services (clinical lab) where tests requested by physicians are performed.
• Stat Labs - usually located near the emergency room of some tertiary-care facilities so that procedures and tests can be done immediately when needed
• reference lab - large and independent laboratory that provides specialized and confimatory laboratory tests.
• reference lab - offers faster turnaround or processing time.
• with red symbolizing blood and white symbolizing bandages.
• Fiscal and Information Services - is responsible for admissions and medical records, as well as for billing, accounting, and other financial aspects of the hospital.
• Fiscal & Info Services - Human resources may be a part of this branch as well.
• Support Services This branch includes all aspects of the physical

  plant of the hospital, such as cleaning, maintenance, and security, as well as food service and purchasing.
• Professional services personnel provide services at the request of licensed practitioners (including physicians and nurse practitioners) who aid in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
• The clinical laboratory analyzes samples from patients at the request of physicians or other licensed health care personnel.
• Cardiac Catheterization This department evaluates and treats patients with cardiovascular disease by inserting devices into the

  bloodstream that are threaded up to the heart.
• RT - They often perform arterial punctures for the determination of arterial blood gas measurements.
• study in germs - Louis Pasteur
• Joseph Lister Revolutionized surgery by sterilizing instruments and washing physician’s hands with an antiseptic spray.
• Robert Koch - Changed the way health departments cared for persons with infectious disease with his work in isolating bacteria.
• Bloodletting is the withdrawal of often

  considerable quantities of blood from a

  patient to cure or prevent illness and

  disease.