[SCIENCE] Q4 - Compass & Land/Waterforms

• Absolute location


  Describes the location of a place based on a fixed point on earth
• Absolute location


  • MOST common way to identify the location using coordinates such as latitude and longitude
• Latitude


  The distance measured in degrees north or south of the equator
• Parallels


  Imaginary lines representing latitudes
• Equator


  Imaginary horizontal line that separates the earth into two similar Hemispheres: north and south hemispheres
• Longitude


  Divided vertically by lines of longitude measured in degrees
• Meridians


  Imaginary lines representing longitude
• Prime Meridian


  Line running through Greenwich, England, called the prime meridian
• International Date Line


  Exact line different to the main meridian lines up to 180 degrees, known as the International Date Line
• Grid system formation


  As the lines cross, they form a grid system
• Relative Location


  Position of a place with respect to the position of another place
• Vicinal Location


  Location of a specific place based on the location of its neighboring countries
• Insular Location


  Location of a specific place in relation to the bodies of water near it
• Mountains

  Tallest landform, usually above 600 meters, created by volcanic eruptions, faulting, and folding
• Mountain Chains or Ranges


  May be thousands of kilometers long, hundreds of kilometers wide
• Volcanoes


  Mountains created by folding and uplift, built by the gathering of products from eruptions
• Hills


  Elevated landform, lower and less steep than a mountain
• Plains


  Broad, vast flatlands that roll slightly, usually grassy areas with few trees
• Valley


  Low-lying area or land between two mountains or hills
• Wetland


  Often wet, with tightly packed soil soaked in water, e.g., swamp
• Plateau


  Flat surface on top of a mountain
• Ocean


  Largest bodies of water, containing 98% of the water and driving the water cycle
• Seas


  Largest body of saltwater connected to the ocean
• Rivers


  Large natural streams of water flowing in a channel to a sea, lake, or another such stream
• Lake


  Completely surrounded by land, freshwater, formed when runoff streams and rivers fill depressions in the surface of the earth
• Renewable resources


  • Can be replaced within the human lifestyle
• NonRenewable resources


  • Cannot be replaced within the human lifestyle
• Geothermal Energy


  Natural heat of the earth present in the core, mantle, and crust