extra physics

• What topics are covered in AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1?

  Energy, electricity, particles, atomic structure
• What does the term "energy" represent in physics?

  It indicates potential interactions in a system
• How is energy measured?

  In Joules
• What is the principle of conservation of energy?

  Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• What is a caveat regarding energy conservation?

  Energy can turn into matter
• What are the different stores of energy?

  Kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential
• How is kinetic energy calculated?

  Using $e =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What does gravitational potential energy depend on?

  Mass, height, gravitational field strength
• How is gravitational potential energy calculated?

  Using $e =$$mgh$
• What does the change in gravitational potential energy represent?

  Energy available to lose when falling
• How is elastic potential energy calculated?

  Using $e =$$\frac{1}{2} k e^2$
• What does specific heat capacity measure?

  Energy needed to raise 1 kg by 1°C
• What is the equation for change in thermal energy?

  Using $e =$$mc\Delta T$
• What happens to particles when thermal energy increases?

  Particles move faster
• What is chemical potential energy?

  Energy stored in food or fuels
• What must happen for energy to be transferred in a system?

  Energy must move between objects or stores
• What is a closed system?

  No energy is lost or gained from surroundings
• How can we equate gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy?

  GPE lost equals KE gained
• How do you rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find speed?

  Speed $v =$$\sqrt{\frac{2e}{m}}$
• What happens to energy in a non-closed system?

  Energy is lost to the surroundings
• What is specific heat capacity practical?

  Heating a material and measuring temperature change
• How do you calculate power?

  Power $P =$$\frac{E}{t}$
• What is the unit for power?

  Watts (W)
• How do you calculate efficiency?

  Efficiency $=$$\frac{\text{useful energy out}}{\text{total energy in}}$
• What does an efficiency of 0.6 mean?

  60% of energy is used effectively
• What happens to heat in poorly insulated buildings?

  Heat is lost through walls and windows
• What are finite energy sources?

  Sources that cannot be replenished once used
• What are renewable energy sources?

  Sources that can be replenished naturally
• How does electricity flow in a circuit?

  As a flow of charge, typically electrons
• What is the role of a battery in a circuit?

  It provides chemical potential energy
• What is current in a circuit?

  The flow of charge through the circuit
• What is potential difference (PD)?

  Energy transferred per coulomb of charge
• How is potential difference measured?

  With a voltmeter connected in parallel
• What does Ohm's law state?

  Voltage equals current times resistance
• What does a straight line on an IV graph indicate?

  Constant resistance in the component
• How do you calculate resistance from an IV graph?

  Resistance $R =$$\frac{V}{I}$
• What happens to resistance in a filament bulb as current increases?

  Resistance increases due to heating
• What is the difference between a resistor and a bulb?

  A bulb emits light, a resistor produces heat
• What is the relationship between PD and current in a resistor?

  They are directly proportional.
• What does a straight line graph of PD and current indicate?

  It shows constant resistance in a resistor.