Physics Paper 1

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Created by
Ava Cross

Cards (39)

  • Scalar
    Only magnitude
    -mass
    -distance
    -speed
  • Vector
    Magnitude and direction
    -weight
    -velocity
    -acceleration
  • Speed
    How fast you’re travelling
  • Velocity
    How fast you’re travelling in a certain direction
  • Distance-time graphs
    -flat line = stationary
    -line slanting up = moving away from starting point
    -line slanting down = moving back towards starting point
  • Acceleration
    The change in velocity
  • Velocity-time graphs
    -horizontal line = staying at a constant pace
    -line slanting up = acceleration
    -line slanting down = deceleration
  • A force is a push or pull
  • Units for force
    Newtons
  • Measure force using a…
    Newton meter
  • Resultant forces
    The remaining forces acting upon something when forces in opposite directions are cancelled out
  • Newton’s first law
    An object will move at the same speed and direction unless it experiences a resultant force.
  • Mass
    The amount of matter in an object
    Measured in kg
  • Weight
    The force of gravity pulling down on the mass of an object
    Measured in Newtons
  • Newton’s second law
    Force = mass x acceleration
  • Newton’s third law
    For every force, there is an equal but opposite reaction force.
  • Momentum
    The tendency of an object to keep moving
  • Stopping distance

    The total distance travelled from when a driver spots a hazard to when they stop
  • Thinking distance
    The ’reaction time’ distance. Effected by age, speed, drugs,tiredness.
  • Braking distance
    The distance travelled from when the brakes are applied to when the vehicle stops.
  • Methods to increase collision time
    -crumple zones
    -air bags
    -seatbelts
  • Stores of energy
    -kinetic
    -thermal
    -gpe
    -elastic potential
    -chemical
    -nuclear
  • Energy cannot be created, only stored/transferred
  • Energy efficiency
    Answer always between 1 and 0
    1 is the best
    0 is the worst
  • Dissipation
    The idea that energy spreads out and is lost as its transferred to the surroundings
  • Heat transfer
    -conduction-through a material by direct particles
    -convection-in liquids and gases, particles heat and rise up then cool and fall down, radiators. Convection current
    -radiation- given out by infared
  • Transverse waves - long and spread out
    -particles vibrate perpendicular to direction of travel
  • Longitudinal waves- short and spiky wavelengths
    -particles vibrate parallel to direction of travel
  • Frequency =the number of waves per second
    -measured in hertz
  • Refraction
    The change in direction of a wave when it enters a new medium
  • Electromagnetic waves
    -all a form of light rays
    -don’t need a medium to travel through
    -discovered by William Herschel
  • Some isotopes are unstable, and give off ionising radiation
    E.g
    Alpha
    Beta-minus
    Beta-plus
  • Radiation produced from the nucleus of the atom
  • Alpha decay
    Made from alpha particles (2 protons, 2 neutrons)
    low penetrating power (paper/air)
  • Beta-minus decay
    Made from fast moving electrons
    Neutron transforms into a proton
  • Beta-plus decay
    Proton transforming into a neutron
    Releases a positron
  • Background radiation
    The radiation that is naturally present in the environment
    From buildings,houses,cars,food
    -can be measured with a Geiger-muller tube
  • Half life
    The time taken for half of the undecayed atoms in a sample to decay
  • Protection from radiation
    -don’t stay near it for too long
    -use a dosimeter(sets of alarms if near it for too long)
    -wear protective clothing
    -use long-handled equipment