waves paper2💜

• Transverse waves are moving perpendicular (or 90°) to one direction of the wave. e.g. water waves, electromagnetic light, guitar strings
• Amplitude


  • Highest displacement point of a wave
• Wave motion


  • Particles in transverse waves move up and down
• Wavelength


  Distance from peak to peak or trough to trough
• Frequency


  Number of waves passing a point per second
• Period


  Amount of time it takes for a wave to complete one full oscillation
• Marginal utility is the additional utility (satisfaction) gained from the consumption of an additional product. If you add it up for each unit you get total utility
• When a sound wave travels from one medium to another (e.g. air to water), the frequency remains the same because it is a property of the object producing the sound, not the medium it travels through
• The sound wave will travel faster in water than in air
• Speed of sound in water is 1500m/s
• If a sound wave has a frequency of 260Hz, the wavelength in air is 1.27m and in water is 5.77m
• The period of a wave is the amount of time between one crest and the next crest passing the same point
• Calculating the period of a wave from the frequency

  Use the formula T = 1/f where T is the period and f is the frequency
• Example: A wave has a frequency of 6.2 Hz. Calculate the period of this wave
• 0.2 Hz can be directly inserted into the formula T = 1/f to find the period, which is 0.1613 seconds
• Marginal utility is the additional utility (satisfaction) gained from the consumption of an additional product. If you add it up for each unit you get total utility
• If a firm increases advertising, their demand curve shifts right, leading to an increase in the equilibrium price and quantity
• Consumers are assumed to act rationally by maximizing their utility
• Producers are assumed to act rationally by selling goods/services in a way that maximizes their profits
• Workers are assumed to act rationally by balancing welfare at work with consideration of both pay and benefits
• Governments are assumed to act rationally by placing the interests of the people they serve first to maximize their welfare
• Rationality in classical economic theory is a flawed assumption as people usually don't act rationally
• The Wealth of Nations was written in 1776
• The wave speed is how fast energy is being transferred as the wave moves. It is calculated using the wave equation: wave speed = frequency x wavelength
• Example: A wave has a frequency of 2 Hz and a wavelength of 1.2 m. The wave speed is calculated as 2.4 m/s
• Example: A wave with a frequency of 4.0 x 10 Hz and a speed of 3.0 x 10 m/s. The wavelength is calculated as 7.5 m
• To measure the speed of sound, find the frequency and wavelength of a sound wave, then use the wave equation
• A ripple tank is used to demonstrate wave properties. It consists of a glass bottom tank that allows waves to be projected onto it
• A sound wave can be generated with a specific frequency by attaching a signal generator to a speaker and detected by microphones, which convert it to a trace on an oscilloscope