animal welfare

• conditions for good animal welfare in livestock

  costs - resources: housing, space, feed, medicine, bedding - more expensive for customer

  benefits - better growth rate, increased reproductive success and higher quality products

  ethical considerations - intensive farming less ethical due to poorer animal welfare
• steryotypy

  repetitive behaviours eg. pacing of big cats, trunk swinging
• misdirected behaviour

  a natural behaviour that is directed inappropriately against itself, another animal or surroundings eg. feather plucking, chewing cage bars
• failure in sexual behaviour

  may fail to preform sexual behaviour
• failure in parental behaviour

  animals may reject or neglect offspring they produce
• altered levels of activity

  eg. apathy in sows confined in sows

  hysteria among chickens and turkeys, leads to birds piling on top of each other causing death
• behavioural indicators

  stereotypy

  repetitive behaviours

  misdirected behaviours

  failure in sexual / parental behaviour

  altered levels of activity (very high or very low)