[AI] COSTA & MCCRAE

• What is the Five Factor Trait Model Theory?

  A model expounded by several figures in psychology
• Who identified more than 4500 words to describe personality?

  Gordon Allport
• What was a limitation of Allport's identification of personality words?

  It lacked specificity despite being extensive
• How many traits did Raymond Cattell reduce the list to?

  171 traits
• Why did Cattell remove synonymous traits?

  To avoid redundancy in trait descriptions
• What was the significance of Cattell's reduction of traits?

  It was innovative in personality description
• Who developed the Five Factor Model after Cattell?

  Costa and McCrae
• What method did Costa and McCrae use to group traits?

  Inductive method
• What acronym is used to remember the Five Factors?

  OCEAN
• What are the five factors in the OCEAN model?

  • Openness
  • Conscientiousness
  • Extraversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Neuroticism
• When was Robert R. McCrae born?

  April 28, 1949
• Where did McCrae study Philosophy?

  Michigan State University
• What degree did McCrae earn at Boston University?

  Master’s Degree in Psychology
• When was Paul T. Costa born?

  September 16, 1942
• Where did Costa study Psychology?

  Clark University
• How did Costa and McCrae's relationship begin?

  Through mutual friends, including James Fozard
• What role did McCrae have when hired by Costa?

  Project manager and investigator
• What institution did Costa and McCrae work at together?

  National Institute on Aging
• What year was the three-factor model conceptualized?

  1983
• What factors were included in the initial three-factor model?

  Openness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism
• When did the model become a five-factor model?

  1985
• What two factors were added to the model in 1985?

  Conscientiousness and Agreeableness
• What scale did Costa and McCrae work on in 1985?

  NEO-PI-R Scale
• What are the characteristics of high and low scores in the Big Five factors?

  • Openness:
  • High: Imaginative, Creative
  • Low: Uncreative, Conventional
  • Conscientiousness:
  • High: Hardworking, Organized
  • Low: Lazy, Disorganized
  • Extraversion:
  • High: Sociable, Fun-loving
  • Low: Reserved, Quiet
  • Agreeableness:
  • High: Generous, Good-natured
  • Low: Ruthless, Critical
  • Neuroticism:
  • High: Anxious, Emotional
  • Low: Calm, Even-tempered
• How was the Big Five initially suggested?

  As a taxonomy or classification system
• What did McCrae and Costa find in the 1980s regarding personality structure?

  A stable structure of personality
• What conflict did Costa and McCrae identify in personality theories?

  Between classical theories and modern research
• What assumption did Costa and McCrae make about personality?

  It is stable but can change over time
• What did Costa and McCrae object to in classical theories?

  They relied heavily on clinical experience
• What are the three central components of Costa and McCrae's personality theory?

  1. Basic Tendencies

  • Individuality Postulate
  • Origin Postulate
  • Developmental Postulate
  • Structured Postulate

  1. Characteristic Adaptations

  • Adaptation to Environment
  • Maladjustment
  • Change over Time
  • Deliberate Interventions

  1. Self-Concept

  • Realistic opinion of life
  • Ideal structure of who you want to become
• What are the three peripheral components of Costa and McCrae's theory?

  Biological Base, Objective Biography, External Influence
• What does the Biological Base component refer to?

  Personality emanates from a biological origin
• What does Objective Biography encompass?

  Totality of a person's actions and experiences
• What are External Influences in personality development?

  Factors impacting personality from the outside world