C4

• Polyatomic ions

  OH-, Hydroxide 

  CO32-, Carbonate 

  SO42-, Sulfate 

  PO43-, Phosphate 

  NO3-, Nitrate 
• Common acid

  Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, Sulfate SO42-

  Nitric acid, HNO3, Nitrate NO3-

  Hydrochloric acid, HCl, Chloride Cl-

  Ethonoic acid, CH3COOH, Ethanoate CH3COO-

  Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, Phosphate PO43
• to identify carbonate - add dilute acid, bubbles formed, CO2 produces

  to identify chloride - acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate, white precipitate

  to identify nitrate - add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then aluminium foil, warm carefully, ammonia produced
• Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen gas
• Acid + base → salt + water