yung ttlo sa plant syste dulo

• What are the two main clades of Eudicots?

  Basal Eudicots and Core Eudicots
• What are the main groups included in Core Eudicots?

  • Gunnerales
  • Dilleniales
  • Superrosids / Rosids
  • Superasterids / Asterids
• What are the characteristics of Eudicots?

  Branching leaves, 2 cotyledons, trimerous flowers
• What type of pollen do Eudicots have?

  Pollen with one pore
• What is the term for the arrangement of Eudicot flowers?

  Trimerous flowers
• What is the term for the fruit structure in Eudicots?

  Apocarpy
• What are the characteristics of Monocots?

  • Herbaceous
  • Flower parts in 3s
  • Syncarpy
  • Parallel venation
  • Fibrous root system
  • 1 cotyledon
  • Monoaperturate pollen
  • Scattered vascular bundles
  • No true secondary growth
• What is the root system type in Monocots?

  Fibrous root system
• How many cotyledons do Eudicots have?

  Two cotyledons
• What is the vascular bundle arrangement in Eudicots?

  Arranged in a ring
• What type of pollen grain do Eudicots have?

  Tricolpate pollen grain
• What are the key characteristics of Phylum Coniferophyta?

  • Evergreen resinous trees
  • Linear to needle-like leaves
  • Distinct male and female cones
  • Male cones release pollen
  • Female cones contain seeds
• What type of leaves do Conifers have?

  Linear to needle-like leaves
• What is the function of male cones in Conifers?

  Release pollen
• What adaptations do Conifer leaves have for harsh environments?

  Thick cuticle and sunken stomata
• What type of wood do Conifers produce?

  Softwood
• What are the key traits of Phylum Gnetophyta?

  • Includes 3 genera: Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia
  • Xerophytic leaves
  • Opposite leaf arrangement
  • Bridge between gymnosperms and angiosperms
• What is the significance of Gnetophyta in plant evolution?

  Bridge between gymnosperms and angiosperms
• What is the first group of plants to colonize bare land?

  Lichens and mosses
• What are the similarities and differences between Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants?

  Similarities:

  • Cuticle
  • Dominant generation = Sporophyte
  • Alternation of Generations
  • Stomata
  • Vascular Tissues

  
  

  Differences:

  • Dependent on water for reproduction
  • Increase in height, primary & secondary growth
  • Organs: Leaves, stems, and roots
• What type of vascular tissues do Seedless Vascular Plants have?

  Xylem and Phloem
• What is the difference between homosporous and heterosporous plants?

  Homosporous produces one spore type
• What are the characteristics of Lycophytes?

  • Microphylls with a single vein
  • Grow as epiphytes
  • Dichotomously branching roots
  • Sporophylls bear sporangia in strobili
• What are the characteristics of Monilophyta (Ferns)?

  • Megaphyll leaves
  • Fronds arise from horizontal stems
  • New fronds as fiddleheads
  • Sori on frond underside
  • Most are homosporous
• What is the term for coiled young fronds in ferns?

  Fiddlehead
• What type of vascular tissue do ferns have?

  Siphonostele
• What are the characteristics of Equisetopsida (Horsetails)?

  • Separate vegetative and reproductive stems
  • Sporangiophores in strobili
  • Homosporous
  • Ribbed/hollow stems
  • Leaves in whorls
• What are the characteristics of Psilotopsida (Whisk Ferns)?

  • Dichotomously branching stems
  • No true roots, only rhizomes
  • No true leaves, only enations
  • 3 fused sporangia
  • Homosporous
• What are the characteristics of ferns in Marratiopsida and Polypodiopsida?

  • Have megaphylls
  • Fronds arise from horizontal stems
  • New fronds as fiddleheads
  • Sori on frond underside
  • Spores are wind-dispersed
• What are some types of ferns?

  • Aquatic Ferns (Family Salviniaceae)
  • Clover Ferns (Family Marsileaceae)
  • Climbing Ferns (Family Lygodiaceae)
  • Umbrella Ferns (Order Gleicheniales)
  • Tree Ferns (Order Cyatheales)
• Who prepared the document on Gymnosperms?

  Sir Arnel Celestino
• What is the study of Gymnosperms called?

  Gymnosperms
• What type of plants are characterized by ribbed/hollow stems with air canals?

  Trobili/cones
• What is the genus of Whisk Ferns?

  Psilotum
• What is a key characteristic of Psilotum stems?

  Dichotomously branching stems
• What type of roots do Whisk Ferns have?

  No true roots, only rhizomes with rhizoids
• What are enations in Whisk Ferns?

  Non-vascular leaf-like projections
• How many sporangia are fused in Whisk Ferns?

  3 fused sporangia
• What type of leaves do ferns have?

  Megaphylls
• How do new fronds of ferns emerge?

  As fiddleheads