female repro

• Ovaries


  • Produce mature egg for fertilization
  • Make the hormones estrogen and progesterone
• Fallopian Tube / Oviduct


  • Passageway through which an ovum moves from the ovary to the uterus
  • Takes about 3 to 4 days for an ovum to travel inside the oviduct
  • Unfertilized ovum dies within 24 to 48 hours
• Uterus


  • Hollow, fist-sized, inverted pear-shaped muscular organ
  • Site of embryonic and fetal development
• Endometrial hyperplasia


  A condition in which the lining of the womb become too thick, which can lead to cancer of the uterus
• Cervix


  • Lower, narrow end of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina
  • Dilates or opens prior to child birth
• Vagina


  • Long, elastic muscular canal
  • Passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus to leave the body during a menstrual period
  • Holds sperm until they pass intro the uterus
  • Provides a passageway for childbirth
• Hymen


  Thin membrane that partially covers the vagina, with no known function, though it may play a role in preventing bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the vagina
• Copulation


  The process of sexual intercourse between two individuals of the same species to produce offspring and maintain generation continuity
• Ovarian Cycle


  1. Prepares the egg for maturation
• Corpus Luteum


  • A yellow body, that makes the uterus a healthy place for a fetus to grow
  • Produces estrogen and progesterone that prepares the uterus for possible implantation of a fertilized egg
• Uterine Cycle


  1. Menstrual cycle occurs in the uterus

  2. Controlled by the changing levels of estrogen and progesterone

  3. If pregnancy does not occur, levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease, causing the endometrium to disintegrate and the blood vessels rupture
• Menstruation


  • When blood and tissue from the uterus comes out of the vagina
  • It usually happens once every month
  • Mentrual phase lasts for about 5 days
• Proliferative Phase


  1. After the menstrual period, the endometrium starts to build up due to the increasing amount of estrogen

  2. Happens on days 6-14
• Secretory Phase


  1. Progesterone stimulated by LH is the dominant hormone during this phase to prepare the corpus luteum and the endometrium for possible fertilized ovum implantation

  2. Occurs from day 15 to day 28 of the cycle
• Fertilization


  1. The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete or ovum

  3. About 7 to 10 days, the fertilized egg reach the uterus
• Placenta


  • An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy
  • Provides oxygen and nutrients to a growing baby
  • Removes waste products from the baby's blood
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)


  • A hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy
  • Pregnancy hormone that is detected when you do a pregnancy test
  • If the embryo has pregnancy abnormalities, HCG will drop and the endometrium disintegrate causing a woman to have a miscarriage, which results in bleeding
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)


  • Infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact
  • Infectious diseases result from sexual activities
  • Can affect anyone
  • Caused by bacterias, viruses, or parasites
  • Asymptomatic
  • Some are treated easily, while other cases needs long-term treatment
  • If left untreated, leads to serious health problems like HIV that affects fertility
  • According to DOH philippines has the fastest growing HIV epidemic in ASIA-PACIFIC region
• Gonorrhea


  • Infection of the genital tract
  • Caused by NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
  • In the first symptoms, it appears 2-10 days after exposure
  • Some people may be infected for months even before signs or symptoms occur
• Trichomoniasis


  • Infection caused by a protozoan parasite TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
  • Organisms spread during sexual intercourse with someone who already has the infection
  • The organism infects the urinary tract of the woman and rarely causes symptoms in men
• Chlamydia


  • Infection of the genital tract and may be difficult to detect because early-stage infections often cause few or no signs and symptoms
  • When they occur, it usually start 1-3 weeks after exposure to the bacterium CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS
  • Even when signs and symptoms do occur they are often mild and passing, making them easy to overlook
• Genital Herpes


  • Highly contagious disease caused by type of the HERPRES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV)
  • HSV enters the body through small breaks in the skin or mucous membranes
  • No signs
  • The symptoms are mild that they go unnoticed
• HIV infection or AIDS


  • Interferes with the body's ability to effectively fight infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi and may lead to AIDS
  • The primary HIV infection is mild, but the amount of virus in the bloodstream is already high
  • Can be infected by unprotected intercourse, infected needles and exchange body fluids
• Genital Warts


  • Most common types of STD caused by certain types of HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)
• Syphillis

  • Caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM that infects the genital area, lips, mouth, or anus of both women and men
  • Acquired from sexual contact with someone who already has it
  • Can be passed from the mother to the baby during pregnancy
• Abstinence


  No semen enters the vagina
• Contraceptive Pills and injections (Depo-Provera)


  • Stops the ovulation (release of eggs from the ovaries)
  • Pills and injection may be prescribed or acquired through health center
• Condom


  A rubber placed over the penis or in the vagina to prevent sperm from entering the vagina
• help to move egg and sperm through the fallopian tubes

  Cilia
• monthly release of an ovum from the ovary

  ovulation
• product of fertilization

  zygote
• opening between cervix and vagina

  external os
• inner lining, where embryo is attached

  endometrium
• muscle layer

  myometrium
• thin outer layer

  perimetrium